PartIIListeningComprehension(30 minutes)
SectionA
Directions: Inthissection, youwillheartwolongconversations. Attheendofeachconversation, youwillhearsomequestions. Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
ConversationOne
Questions1 to4 arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1. A) Heinventedtherefrigerator. C) Hewasadmittedtoauniversity.
B) Hepatentedhisfirstinvention. D) HegotadegreeinMathematics.
2. A) Hestartedtoworkonrefrigeration.
B) HebecameaprofessorofMathematics.
C) HefellinlovewithNatashaWilloughby.
D) Hedistinguishedhimselfinlowtemperaturephysics.
3. A) Discoveringthetruenatureofsubatomicparticles.
B) Theirexplanationofthelawsofcauseandeffect.
C) Theirworkonveryhighfrequencyradiowaves.
D) Layingthefoundationsofmodernmathematics.
4. A) Tohaveathree-weekholiday. C) Topatenthisinventions.
B) Tospendhisremainingyears. D) Toteachatauniversity.
ConversationTwo
Questions5 to8 arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5. A) Theinjuryofsomestudents.
B) Aschoolbuscrashontheway.
C) Thecollapseofaschoolbuilding.
D) Afirethatbrokeoutonaschoolcampus.
6. A) Teaching. C) Havinglunch.
B) Onvacation. D) Holdingameeting.
7. A) Amalfunctioningstove. C) Violationoftrafficrules.
B) Cigarettesbuttsleftbyworkers. D) Negligenceinschoolmaintenance.
8. A) Sentastorytothelocalnewspaper.
B) ThrewasmallThanksgivingparty.
C) Bakedsomecookiesasapresent.
D) Wroteapersonalletterofthanks.
SectionB
Directions: Inthissection, youwillheartwopassages. Attheendofeachpassage, youwillhearsomequestions. Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions9 to11 arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9. A) Itisatraitofagenerouscharacter. C) Itisanindicatorofhighintelligence.
B) Itisareflectionofself-esteem. D) Itisasignofhappinessandconfidence.
10. A) Itwasself-defeating. C) Itwastheessenceofcomedy.
B) Itwasaggressive. D) Itwassomethingadmirable.
11. A) Itisadouble-edgedsword. C) Itisauniquegiftofhumanbeings.
B) Itisafeatureofagivenculture. D) Itisaresultofbothnatureandnurture.
PassageTwo
Questions12 to15 arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12. A) Sheisatouristguide. C) Sheisadomesticservant.
B) Sheisaninterpreter. D) Sheisfromtheroyalfamily.
13. A) Itissituatedatthefootofabeautifulmountain.
B) Itwasusedbythefamilytoholddinnerparties.
C) Itwasfrequentlyvisitedbyheadsofstate.
D) Itisfurnishedlikeoneinaroyalpalace.
14. A) Itiselaboratelydecorated. C) Itisverybig, withonlysixslimlegs.
B) Ithassurvivedsome2,000 years. D) ItisshapedlikeanancientSpanishboat.
15. A) Theyareinterestingtolookat.
B) Theyhavelostsomeoftheirlegs.
C) Theydonotmatchtheovaltableatall.
D) Theyareuncomfortabletositinforlong.
SectionC
Directions: Inthissection, youwillhearrecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbysomequestions. Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16 to19.
16. A) TheyinvestigatetheretirementhomesinAmerica.
B) TheyareonissuesfacingseniorcitizensinAmerica.
C) Theydescribethegreatpleasuresofthegoldenyears.
D) Theyarefilledwithfondmemoriesofhisgrandparents.
17. A) Thelossoftheabilitytotakecareofhimself.
B) Thefeelingofnotbeingimportantanymore.
C) Beingunabletofindagoodretirementhome.
D) Leavingthehomehehadlivedinfor60 years.
18. A) Thelossofidentityandself-worth.
B) Fearofbeingreplacedordiscarded.
C) Freedomfrompressureandworldlycares.
D) Thepossessionofwealthandhighrespect.
19. A) Theurgencyofpensionreform.
B) Medicalcareforseniorcitizens.
C) Findingmeaningfulrolesfortheelderlyinsociety.
D) Thedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens.
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20 to22.
20. A) Itseriouslyimpactstheirphysicalandmentaldevelopment.
B) Ithasbecomeaproblemaffectingglobaleconomicgrowth.
C) Itisacommonproblemfoundinunderdevelopedcountries.
D) Itisanissueoftenoverlookedbyparentsinmanycountries.
21. A) Theywilllivelonger. C) Theygetalongwellwithpeople.
B) Theygetbetterpay. D) TheydevelopmuchhigherIQs.
22. A) Appropriatedfundstopromoteresearchofnutrient-richfoods.
B) Encouragedbreastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachild’slife.
C) Recruitedvolunteerstoteachruralpeopleabouthealthandnutrition.
D) Targetedhunger-reliefprogramsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren.
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions23 to25.
23. A) Theguaranteedqualityofitsgoods.
B) Thehugevolumeofitsannualsales.
C) Theserviceitprovidestoitscustomers.
D) Thehighvalue-to-weightratioofitsgoods.
24. A) Thosehavingatasteorsmellcomponent.
B) Productspotentiallyembarrassingtobuy.
C) Thosethatrequireverycarefulhandling.
D) Servicesinvolvingapersonalelement.
25. A) Thosewholiveinthevirtualworld.
B) Thosewhohavetoworklonghours.
C) Thosewhoareusedtoonlinetransactions.
D) Thosewhodon’tmindpayingalittlemore.
TapeScriptofListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions: Inthissection, youwillheartwolongconversations. Attheendofeachconversation, youwillhearsomequestions. Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
ConversationOne
W: Hello.
M: Hello, isthatthereferencelibrary?
W: Yes. CanIhelpyou?
M: Ihopeso. IrangearlierandaskedforsomeinformationaboutDenysHawtin, thescientist. Youaskedmetoringback.
W: Oh, yes. Ihavefoundsomething.
M: Good. I’vegotapencilandpaper. Perhapsyoucouldreadoutwhatitsays.
W: Certainly. Hawtin, Denys. Born: Darlington1836; diedNewYork1920.
M: Yes. Gotthat.
W: Inventorandphysicist. Thesonofafarmworker, hewasadmittedtotheUniversityofLondonattheageoffifteen.
M: Yes.
W: HegraduatedatseventeenwithafirstclassdegreeinPhysicsandMathematics. Allright?
M: Yes, allright.
W: Hemadehisfirstnotableachievementattheageofeighteen. Itwasamethodofrefrigerationwhicharosefromhisworkinlowtemperaturephysics. HebecameprofessorofMathematicsattheUniversityofManchesterattwenty-four, whereheremainedfortwelveyears. Duringthattimehemarriedoneofhisstudents, NatashaWilloughby.
M: Yes. Goon.
W: Later, workingtogetherinLondon, theylaidthefoundationofmodernPhysicsbyshowingthatnormallawsofcauseandeffectdonotapplyatthelevelofsubatomicparticles. ForthisheandhiswifereceivedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1910, anddidsoagainin1912 fortheirworkonveryhighfrequencyradiowaves. InhislifetimeHawtinpatented244 inventions. Doyouwantanymore?
M: Yes. WhendidhegotoAmerica?
W: Letmesee. In1920 hewenttoteachinNewYork, anddiedtheresuddenlyafteronlythreeweeks. Still, hewasagoodage.
M: Yes. Isupposeso. Well, thanks.
Questions1 to4 arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1. WhatdowelearnaboutDenysHawtinwhenhewas15?
2. WhatdidDenysHawtindoattheageof24?
3. ForwhatwereDenysHawtinandhiswifeawardedtheNobelPrizeasecondtime?
4. WhydidDenysHawtingotoNewYork?
ConversationTwo
W: ThisisLisaMeyerintheWBZnewsroom, talkingwithMikeBassichis, whoisthedirectoroftheGiffordSchool, aboutthecleanupfromlastweek’sfireandwhatthepossiblecauseofthatblazemayhavebeen.
M: We’regettingreadyforourentirestafftoreturnearlyfromvacationtomorrowwhereuponwearegoingtomoveintotemporaryclassrooms. Andtheotherbuildingsthatdidnotburnarebeingde-smoked. Astothecauseofthefire, allweknowisthatwewerehavingtroublewiththepilotlightssinceweboughtthestoveinJulyandithadbeenservicedthreetimes. Well, asamatteroffact, wethinkitwasamalfunctioningstovethatmayhavecausedthefire. Nothingdefiniteyethasbeendetermined.
W: Haveyouheardfromotherschoolsorotherinstitutionalusersofthisstovethathavehadthesameproblem?
M: No. Iwouldn’tknowanythingmoreaboutthestoveitself. AllIknowisthatthisfirewentupsoquicklythatthere’sbeenasuspicionaboutwhyitwentupsoquickly. Anditmaybethattherewasagasblast. But, again, thishasnotbeendeterminedofficiallybyanybody.
W: Igotyou. Whendokidscomebacktoschool?
M: NextMonday, andwewillbereadyforthem. MondayJanuary4. We’rejustextremelythrilledthatnoonewashurtandthat’sbecauseofthefirefightersthatwerehere, nineofthem. They’rewonderful.
W: AndI’msureyousendyourthanksouttothem, uh?
M: Well, we’resendingoutthankstotheminaletterorinanyotherwaywecan. Iheardastorytodaywhereoneofourkidsactuallybakedsomecookiesandistakingittothefiredepartment, togiveittothem.
Questions5 to8 arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5. Whatwerethespeakerstalkingabout?
6. Whatweretheschoolstaffdoingatthetimeoftheaccident?
7. Whatwassupposedtobethecauseoftheaccident?
8. Whatdidoneofthekidsdotoshowgratitude?
SectionB
Directions: Inthissection, youwillheartwopassages. Attheendofeachpassage, youwillhearsomequestions. Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Intoday’spersonalitystakes, nothingismorehighlyvaluedthanasenseofhumor. Weseekitoutinothersandareproudtoclaimitinourselves, perhapsevenmorethangoodlooksorintelligence. Ifsomeonehasagreatsenseofhumor, wereason, itmeansthattheyarehappy, sociallyconfidentandhaveahealthyperspectiveonlife.
ThisattitudewouldhavesurprisedtheancientGreeks, whobelievedhumortobeessentiallyaggressive. Andinfact, ouradmirationforthecomicallygiftedisrelativelynew, andnotverywell-founded, saysRodMartin, apsychologistattheUniversityofWesternOntario. Beingfunnyisn’tnecessarilyanindicatorofgoodsocialskillsandwell-being, hisresearchhasshown. Itmayjustaslikelybeasignofpersonalityflaws.
Hehasfoundthathumorisadouble-edgedsword. Itcanforgebetterrelationshipsandhelpyoucopewithlife, oritcanbecorrosive, eatingawayatself-esteemandirritatingothers. “It’saformofcommunication, likespeech, andwealluseitdifferently,” saysMartin. Weusebondinghumortoenhanceoursocialconnections, butwealsomayemployitasawayofexcludingorrejectinganoutsider.
Thoughhumorisessentiallysocial, howyouuseitsaysalotaboutyoursenseofself. Thosewhouseself-defeatinghumor, makingfunofthemselvesfortheenjoymentofothers, tendtomaintainthathostilitytowardthemselvesevenwhenalone. Similarly, thosewhoareabletoviewtheworldwithamusedtoleranceareoftenequallyforgivingoftheirownshortcomings.
Questions9 to11 arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9. Howdopeopletodayviewhumoraccordingtothespeaker?
10. WhatdidtheancientGreeksthinkofhumor?
11. WhathaspsychologistRodMartinfoundabouthumor?
PassageTwo(femalevoice)
Andnow, ifyou’llwalkthisway, ladiesandgentlemen, thenextroomwe’regoingtoseeistheroominwhichthefamilyusedtoholdtheirformaldinnerpartiesandevenoccasionallyentertainheadsofstateandroyalty. However, theymanagedtokeepthisroomfriendlyandintimateandIthinkyou’llagreeithasaveryinformalatmosphere, quiteunlikesomegrandhousesyouvisit. Thecurtainswereneverdrawn, evenatnight, soguestsgotaviewofthelakeandfountainsoutside, whichwerelitupatnight. Averyattractivesight.
Asyoucansee, ladiesandgentlemen, theguestswereseatedveryinformallyaroundthisovaltable, whichwouldaddtotherelaxedatmosphere. ThetabledatesfromtheeighteenthcenturyandismadeofSpanishoak. It’sratherremarkableforthefactthatalthoughitisextremelybig, it’ssupportedbyjustsixratherslimlegs. However, itseemstohavesurvivedlikethatfortwohundredyears, soit’sprobablygoingtolastabitlonger. Thechairswhichgowiththetablearenotacompleteset—therewereoriginallysixofthem. Theyareinterestingforthefactthattheyareveryplainandundecoratedforthetime, withonlyoneplaincentralpanelatthebackandnoarm-rests. Imyselffindthemratheruncomfortabletositinforverylong, butpeoplewereusedtomorediscomfortinthepast.
Andnow, ladiesandgentlemen, ifyou’dliketofollowmeintotheGreatHall…
Questions12 to15 arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12. Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?
13. Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheroomtheyarevisiting?
14. Whatissaidabouttheovaltableintheroom?
15. Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthechairs?
SectionC
Directions: Inthissection, youwillhearrecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbysomequestions. Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce. Afteryouhearaquestion, youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA), B), C) andD). ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1 withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions16 to19.
Moderator:
HelloLadiesandGentleman, itgivesmegreatpleasuretointroduceourkeynotespeakerfortoday’ssession, Dr. HowardMiller. Dr. Miller, ProfessorofSociologyatWashingtonUniversity, haswrittennumerousarticlesandbooksontheissuesfacingolderAmericansinourgrayingsocietyforthepast15 years. Dr. Miller:
Dr. Miller:
Thankyouforthatintroduction. Today, I’dliketoprefacemyremarkswithastoryfrommyownlifewhichIfeelhighlightsthecommonconcernsthatbringusheretogether. Severalyearsagowhenmygrandparentswerewellintotheireighties, theywerefacedwiththerealityofnolongerbeingabletoadequatelycareforthemselves. Mygrandfatherspokeofhisgreatestfear, thatofleavingtheonlyhometheyhadknownforthepast60 years. Fightingbackthetears, hespokeproudlyofthefactthathehadbuilttheirhomefromthegroundup, andthathehadpoundedeverynailandlaideverybrickintheprocess. Theprospectofhavingtoselltheirhomeandgiveuptheirindependence, andmoveintoaretirementhomewasanextremelypainfulexperienceforthem. Itwas, inmygrandfather’sownwords, likehavingalimbcutoff. Heexclaimedinaforcefulmannerthathefelthewasn’timportantanymore.
ForthemandsomeolderAmericans, theirso-called“goldenyears” areattimesnotsopleasant, forthisperiodcanmeanthedeclineofnotonlyone’shealthbutthelossofidentityandself-worth. Inmanysocieties, thisself-identityiscloselyrelatedwithoursocialstatus, occupation, materialpossessions, orindependence. Furthermore, weoftenliveinsocietiesthatvaluewhatis“new” orinfashion, andourownusageofwordsintheEnglishlanguageisoftenasignofbadnewsforolderAmericans. Imeanhowwouldyourfamilyreactifyoucamehometonightexclaiming, “Hey, cometothelivingroomandseetheOLDblackandwhiteTVIbrought!” Unfortunately, theword“old” callstomindimagesoftheneedtoreplaceordiscard.
Now, manyofthelecturesgivenatthisconferencehavefocusedontheissuesofpensionreform, medicalcare, andthedevelopmentofpublicfacilitiesforseniorcitizens. Andwhilethesearevitalissuesthatmustbeaddressed, I’dliketofocusmycommentsonanimportantissuethatwillaffecttheoverallsuccessoftheotherprogramsmentioned. Thishastodowithchangingourperspectivesonwhatitmeanstobeapartofthisgroup, andfindingmeaningfulrolestheelderlycanplayandshouldplayinoursocieties.
Firstofall, I’dliketotalkabout. . .
16. WhatdoestheintroductionsayaboutDr. HowardMiller’sarticlesandbooks?
17. WhatisthegreatestfearofDr. Miller’sgrandfather?
18. WhatdoesDr. Millersaythe“goldenyears” canoftenmean?
19. WhatisthefocusofDr. Miller’sspeech?
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions20 to22.
The2010 GlobalHungerIndexreportwasreleasedtodaybytheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute(IFPRI). Itnotesthat, inrecentyears, expertshavecometotheconclusionthatundernourishmentbetweenconceptionandachild’ssecondbirthdaycanhaveseriousandlong-lastingimpacts.
Undernourishmentduringthisapproximately1,000-daywindowcanseriouslycheckthegrowthanddevelopmentofchildrenandrenderthemmorelikelytogetsickanddiethanwell-fedchildren. Preventinghungerallowschildrentodevelopbothphysicallyandmentally.
SaysIFPRI’sMarieRuel, “Theywillbemorelikelytoperformwellinschool. Theywillstayinschoollonger. Andthenatadulthood, IFPRIhasactuallydemonstratedthatchildrenwhowerebetternourishedhavehigherwages, byaprettylargemargin, by46 percent.”
Ruelsaysthatmeanstheproductivityofanation’sfuturegenerationsdependsinalargepartonthefirst1,000 daysoflife.
“Thisiswhywe’reallonboardinfocusingonthosethousanddaystoimprovenutrition. Afterthat, thedamageisdoneandishighlyirreversible.”
Thedataonnutritionandchildhooddevelopmenthasbeenslowlycomingtogetherfordecades. ButRuelsaysscientificconsensusalonewillnotsolvetheproblem.
“It’snotenoughthatnutritionistsknowyouhavetointervenethen, ifwedon’thavethepoliticiansonboard, andalsothe...peoplethatimplement[programs] inthefield.”
Ruelsaysthereareencouragingsignsthatpoliticiansandimplementersarebeginningtogetonboard. ManymajordonorsandtheUnitedNationsaretargetinghunger-reliefprogramsatpregnantwomenandyoungchildren. Theyfocusonimprovingdietsorprovidingmicro-foodsupplements. Theyimproveaccesstopre-birthcareandencourageexclusivebreastfeedingforthefirstsixmonthsofachild’slife.
Ruelsaysinthe1980sThailandwasabletoreducechildundernourishmentbyrecruitingalargenumberofvolunteerstotravelthecountrysideteachingabouthealthandnutrition.
“Theyreallydidveryactivepromotionofdiversityinthedietandgoodeatinghabits. Sotheywereprovidingmorefoodtopeople, butalsoeducatingpeopleonhowtousethem, andalsoeducatingpeopleonhowtofeedtheiryoungchildren.”
Ruelsayscountriesmaytakedifferentapproachestoreducingchildundernutrition. Butshesaysnationswillnotmakeprogressfightinghungerandpovertyuntiltheybegintofocusonthosecriticalfirstthousanddays.
20. Whatistheexperts’ conclusionregardingchildren’sundernourishmentintheirearliestdaysoflife?
21. WhatdoesIFPRI’sMarieRuelsayaboutwell-fedchildrenintheiradultlife?
22. WhatdidThailanddotoreducechildundernourishmentinthe1980s?
Nowlistentothefollowingrecordingandanswerquestions23 to25.
I’dliketolookatavitalaspectofe-commerce, andthatisthenatureoftheproductorservice. Therearecertainproductsandservicesthatareverysuitableforsellingonline, andothersthatsimplydon’twork.
Suitableproductsgenerallyhaveahighvalue-to-weightratio. ItemssuchasCDsandDVDsareobviousexamples. Books, althoughheavierandsomoreexpensivetopost, stillhaveahighenoughvalue-to-weightratio, asthesuccessofAmazon, whichstartedoffsellingonlybooks, shows. Laptopcomputersareanothergoodproductforsellingonline.
Digitalproducts, suchassoftware, filmsandmusic, canbesoldinapurelyvirtualenvironment. Thegoodsarepaidforbyonlinetransactions, andthendownloadedontothebuyer’scomputer. Therearenopostageordeliverycosts, sopricescanbekeptlow.
Manysuccessfulvirtualcompaniesprovidedigitalservices, suchasfinancialtransactions, inthecaseofPaypal, ormeansofcommunication, asSkypedoes. Thekeytosuccesshereisprovidinganeasy-to-use, reliableservice. Dothisandyoucaneasilybecomethemarketleader, asSkypehasproved.
Productswhicharepotentiallyembarrassingtobuyalsodowellinthevirtualenvironment. Someofthemostprofitablee-commercecompaniesarethosesellingsex-relatedproductsorservices. Forasimilarreason, onlinegamblingishighlypopular.
Productswhichareusuallyconsideredunsuitableforsellingonlineincludethosethathaveatasteorsmellcomponent. Food, especiallyfreshfood, fallsintothiscategory, alongwithperfume. Clothesandotheritemsthatneedtobetriedonsuchasdiamondringsandgoldnecklacesaregenerallynotsuitedtovirtualretailing, and, ofcourse, itemswithalowvalue-to-weightratio.
Thereareexceptions, though. Onlinegroceryshoppinghasreallytakenoff, withmostmajorsupermarketsofferingtheservice. Theinconvenienceofnotbeingabletoseethefoodyouarebuyingisoutweighedbythetimesavedandconvenienceofhavingthegoodsdelivered. Typicalusersofonlinesupermarketsincludetheelderly, peoplewhoworklonghoursandthosewithouttheirowntransport.
23 Whatisimportanttothesuccessofanonlinestore?
24. Whatproductsareunsuitableforsellingonline?
25. Whoaremorelikelytobuygroceriesonline?
参考答案
PartIIListeningComprehension
SectionA
1. C2. B3. C4. D5. D
6. B7. A8. C
SectionB
9. D10. B11. A12. A13. B
14. C15. D
SectionC
16. B17. D18. A19. C20. A
21. B22. C23. D24. A25. B
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