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RespondingtoClimateChange: China'sPoliciesandActions
《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》白皮书
RespondingtoClimateChange: China'sPoliciesandActions
中国应对气候变化的政策与行动
TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina
中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室
October 2021
2021年10月
Contents
目录
Preface
前言
I. China'sNewResponsestoClimateChange
一、中国应对气候变化新理念
II. ImplementingaNationalStrategyofActivelyRespondingtoClimateChange
二、实施积极应对气候变化国家战略
III. SignificantChangesinChina'sResponsetoClimateChange
三、中国应对气候变化发生历史性变化
IV. BuildingaFairandRationalGlobalClimateGovernanceSystemforWin-WinResults
四、共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系
Conclusion
结束语
Preface
前言
Climatechangeisachallengeforallofhumanity. ThesustainabledevelopmentoftheChinesenationandthefutureoftheplanetdependontacklingitsuccessfully.
气候变化是全人类的共同挑战。应对气候变化，事关中华民族永续发展，关乎人类前途命运。
Chinaattachesgreatimportancetoitsresponsetoclimatechange. Asthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld, Chinahasadoptedanumberofpolicies, measuresandactionstotackleclimatechangeandtakepartinglobalclimategovernance, despitethedifficultiesthiscreatesforitsowneconomicandsocialdevelopment. Theseeffortshaveachievedpositiveresults.
中国高度重视应对气候变化。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国克服自身经济、社会等方面困难，实施一系列应对气候变化战略、措施和行动，参与全球气候治理，应对气候变化取得了积极成效。
Sincethe 18thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina (CPC) convenedin 2012, guidedbyXiJinpingthoughtoneco-civilizationandcommittedtothenewdevelopmentphilosophy, Chinahasmadetheresponsetoclimatechangeahigherpriorityinstategovernance. Ithassteadilyreducedtheintensityofitscarbonemissions, reinforcedtheefforttoachieveitsNationallyDeterminedContributions (NDCs), andmaximizeditsdrivetomitigateclimatechange. Ithasadoptedgreenandlow-carbonapproachesinitseconomicandsocialdevelopment, andworkedtobuildamodernizedcountryinwhichhumanityandnaturecoexistinharmony. Atthegeneraldebateofthe 75thSessionoftheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyonSeptember 22, 2020, PresidentXiJinpingannouncedthatChinawouldscaleupitsNDCsbyadoptingmorevigorouspoliciesandmeasures, strivetopeakCO2 emissionsbefore 2030, andachievecarbonneutralitybefore 2060. Chinaistakingpragmaticactionstowardsthesegoals.
中共十八大以来，在习近平生态文明思想指引下，中国贯彻新发展理念，将应对气候变化摆在国家治理更加突出的位置，不断提高碳排放强度削减幅度，不断强化自主贡献目标，以最大努力提高应对气候变化力度，推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化。2020年9月22日，中国国家主席习近平在第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上郑重宣示：中国将提高国家自主贡献力度，采取更加有力的政策和措施，二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值，努力争取2060年前实现碳中和。中国正在为实现这一目标而付诸行动。
Asaresponsiblecountry, Chinaiscommittedtobuildingaglobalclimategovernancesystemthatisfair, rational, cooperativeandbeneficialtoall, andmakesitsduecontributiontotacklingclimatechangeusingitsgreateststrengthsandmosteffectivesolutions. Confrontedbythechallengesofclimatechange, ChinaiswillingtoworktogetherwiththeinternationalcommunitytoensuretheParisAgreementdeliverssteadyandlastingresults, andmakegreatercontributiontotheglobalresponse.
作为负责任的国家，中国积极推动共建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系，为应对气候变化贡献中国智慧中国力量。面对气候变化严峻挑战，中国愿与国际社会共同努力、并肩前行，助力《巴黎协定》行稳致远，为全球应对气候变化作出更大贡献。
TheChinesegovernmentispublishingthiswhitepapertodocumentitsprogressinmitigatingclimatechange, andtoshareitsexperienceandapproacheswiththerestoftheinternationalcommunity.
为介绍中国应对气候变化进展，分享中国应对气候变化实践和经验，增进国际社会了解，特发布本白皮书。
I. China'sNewResponsestoClimateChange
一、中国应对气候变化新理念
China'sresponsestoclimatechangeareanimportantpartofitseffortstoachieveeco-environmentalprogressandhigh-qualitydevelopment. Basedontherequirementsofitsinternalsustainabledevelopment, anditsdueresponsibilityforbuildingaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture, Chinahasformulatednewprinciplesontacklingclimatechangeandiscontributingitssolutionstoglobalclimategovernance.
中国把应对气候变化作为推进生态文明建设、实现高质量发展的重要抓手，基于中国实现可持续发展的内在要求和推动构建人类命运共同体的责任担当，形成应对气候变化新理念，以中国智慧为全球气候治理贡献力量。
1. BuildingaStrongSenseofCommonCommunity
（一）牢固树立共同体意识
Chinaadvocatesajointefforttobuildaglobalcommunityofsharedfuture. Theearthistheonlyhomewehave. Humanbeingsshareacommonfutureinthefaceofthechallengespresentedbyglobalclimatechange, andnocountrycanmakeitselfimmunefromtheimpact. Therefore, allcountriesshouldstrengthensolidarityandcooperation, andbuildaglobalcommunityofsharedfuturetogether. ThisisChina'snewvisionforhumandevelopment, inthecommoninterestofallpeoples.
坚持共建人类命运共同体。地球是人类唯一赖以生存的家园，面对全球气候挑战，人类是一荣俱荣、一损俱损的命运共同体，没有哪个国家能独善其身。世界各国应该加强团结、推进合作，携手共建人类命运共同体。这是各国人民的共同期待，也是中国为人类发展提供的新方案。
Chinaalsoadvocatesacommunityofharmonybetweenhumanityandnature. TheChinesepeoplehavealwaysvaluedtheideathathumanbeingsareanintegralpartofnatureandshouldfollowthelawsofnature. Industrialcivilization, whichhascreatedmassivematerialwealth, hasalsolaidbarethegrowingtensionsintherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature. TheongoingCovid-19 pandemichasfurtherstimulatedprofoundreflectiononthatrelationship. MotherNaturehasnourishedus, andwemusttreatherasourroot, respecther, protecther, andfollowherlaws. Throughasenseofresponsibilitytohumancivilization, Chinaismakingeveryefforttofightclimatechange, buildacommunityofharmonybetweenhumanityandnature, andhelpfosteranewrelationshipwherehumanityandnaturecanbothliveandprosperinharmony.
坚持共建人与自然生命共同体。中华文明历来崇尚天人合一、道法自然。但人类进入工业文明时代以来，在创造巨大物质财富的同时，人与自然深层次矛盾日益凸显，当前的新冠肺炎疫情更是触发了对人与自然关系的深刻反思。大自然孕育抚养了人类，人类应该以自然为根，尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然。中国站在对人类文明负责的高度，积极应对气候变化，构建人与自然生命共同体，推动形成人与自然和谐共生新格局。
2. ImplementingtheNewDevelopmentPhilosophy
（二）贯彻新发展理念
Actionsaredrivenbyphilosophies. Inthisnewdevelopmentstage, Chinapursuesaphilosophythatdevelopmentmustbeinnovative, coordinated, green, openandshared, andacceleratesthepaceincreatinganewdevelopmentdynamic. Amongthefiveaxesofthenewphilosophy, greendevelopmentisanecessaryconditionforsustainability. Itrepresentsthepeople'saspirationforabetterlife, andisakeyguideforChina'sclimateactions. Chinaholdstheviewthatclearwatersandgreenmountainsareinvaluableassets, andthateco-environmentalprotectionandimprovementleadtogreaterproductivity. Mitigatingclimatechangereflectstheoverallglobaltransitiontowardsgreenandlow-carbonliving. Chinahasabandoneditspreviousdevelopmentmodelthatdamagedorevendestroyedtheeco-environment. Instead, followingthecurrenttechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialtrends, ithasseizedtheopportunitiescreatedbygreentransition, transformedandupgradeditseconomicandindustrialstructureandenergymixthroughinnovation, andachievedagreenrecoveryfromtheCovid-19 pandemic. Abettereco-environmentisboostingChina'ssustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopment.
理念是行动的先导。立足新发展阶段，中国秉持创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局。在新发展理念中，绿色发展是永续发展的必要条件和人民对美好生活追求的重要体现，也是应对气候变化问题的重要遵循。绿水青山就是金山银山，保护生态环境就是保护生产力，改善生态环境就是发展生产力。应对气候变化代表了全球绿色低碳转型的大方向。中国摒弃损害甚至破坏生态环境的发展模式，顺应当代科技革命和产业变革趋势，抓住绿色转型带来的巨大发展机遇，以创新为驱动，大力推进经济、能源、产业结构转型升级，推动实现绿色复苏发展，让良好生态环境成为经济社会可持续发展的支撑。
3. TakingaPeople-CenteredApproach
（三）以人民为中心
Climatechangeposesaseverethreattotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofallcountriesandtopeople'slivesandproperty. Therefore, ourresponsesaffectthefundamentalinterestsofallpeople. Mitigatingandadaptingtoclimatechangeareessentialforincreasingthepeople'ssenseofeco-environmentalgain, andwillprovidethemwithafairer, moresustainableandsaferenvironmentthatpromoteshigherqualityandmoreefficientdevelopment. Chinaputspeopleandlivesfirst, andcherishesthelife, valueanddignityofeveryindividual. Takingintofullconsiderationthepeople'saspirationforabetterlife, theirexpectationofasoundeco-environment, andtheirresponsibilityforfuturegenerations, Chinaispioneeringanewapproachthatsynergizestheeffortstofightclimatechange, developtheeconomy, generateemployment, eliminatepoverty, andprotecttheenvironment. Itguaranteesandimprovespeople'swellbeingthroughdevelopment, strivesforsocialequityandjusticeintheprocessofgreentransition, andincreasespeople'ssenseofgain, happinessandsecurity.
气候变化给各国经济社会发展和人民生命财产安全带来严重威胁，应对气候变化关系最广大人民的根本利益。减缓与适应气候变化不仅是增强人民群众生态环境获得感的迫切需要，而且可以为人民提供更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展空间。中国坚持人民至上、生命至上，呵护每个人的生命、价值、尊严，充分考虑人民对美好生活的向往、对优良环境的期待、对子孙后代的责任，探索应对气候变化和发展经济、创造就业、消除贫困、保护环境的协同增效，在发展中保障和改善民生，在绿色转型过程中努力实现社会公平正义，增加人民获得感、幸福感、安全感。