Directions:Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks. Selectthecorrectchoiceforeachblank.

Flightsimulator(飞行模拟器) referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotsandcrewmemberbysimulatingflightconditions. Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute(1)_____ actualflighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle(2)_____ beforethey(3)_____ extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining. Simulationsalsoisusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew(4)_____ toexistingcraft.

TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstflightofOrvilleandWilburWright. Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstostimulatesimpleaircraft(5)_____ inthreedimensions: noseupordown; leftwinghighandrightlow, orviceversa; and(6)_____ toleftorright. Ittookuntil1929, however, foratrulyeffectivesimulator, theLinkTrainer, toappear, devisedbyEdwinA. Link, aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton, NewYork. (7)_____, airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit"blind" flyingoninstrumentsalone, buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved(8)_____ risk. Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped(9)_____ instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane. Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining, manipulatingthecontrols(10)_____ instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor(11)_____ climbordescentwithnovisualreference(12)_____ anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel. Thetrainerwasmodified(13)_____ aircrafttechnologyadvanced. CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottraining, andtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934, (14)_____ thousandsmoreasWorldWarIIapproached.

Technologicaladvancesduringthewar, particularlyinelectronics, helpedtomaketheflightsimulatorincreasingly(15)_____. Theuseofefficientanalogcomputersintheearly1950sledtofurtherimprovements. Airplanecockpits, controls, andinstrumentdisplayshadbythenbecomesoindividualizedthatitwasnolongerfeasibletouseageneralizedtrainertopreparepilotstoflyanything(16)_____ thesimplestlightplanes. Bythe1950s, theUSAirForcewasusingsimulatorsthatprecisely(17)_____ thecockpitsofitsplanes. Duringtheearly1960s(18)_____ digitalandhybridcomputerswereadopted, andtheirspeedandflexibilityrevolutionizedsimulationsystems. Furtheradvancesincomputerand(19)_____ technology, notablythedevelopmentofvirtual-realitysimulation, havemadeitpossibleto(20)_____ highlycomplexreal-lifeconditions.

1.

A. forB. toC. withD. on

2.

A. concerningB. concernC. beingconcernedD. concerned

3.

A. undertakeB. undergoC. underplayD. underuse

4.

A. modelsB. modificationsC. modifiersD. modica

5.

A. manifestationsB. manipulationsC. manifestoesD. maneuvers

6.

A. yawlingB. yawningC. yawingD. yawping

7.

A. FromthenonB. FromnowonC. BynowD. Bythen

8.

A. considerableB. considerateC. considerinD. considered

9.

A. forB. inC. withD. on

10.

A. onthepartofB. onthebasisofC. onthetrackofD. onthevergeof

11.

A. controlB. controllableC. controlledD. controller

12.

A. toB. forC. onD. in

13.

A. asforB. astoC. asD. for

14.

A. acquiringB. requiringC. sustainingD. retaining

15.

A. actualB. realisticC. realizingD. true

16.

A. exceptB. exceptforC. apartfromD. but

17.

A. replenishedB. replacedC. replicatedD. reposed

18.

A. electronicB. electricC. electricityD. electron

19.

A. programB. programmableC. programmedD. programming

20.

A. resurrectB. reproduceC. resuscitateD. resume

答案：

1-5. ADBBD

6-10. CDACB

11-15. CACAB

16-20. DCADB