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Directions:Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks. Selectthecorrectchoiceforeachblank.
Flightsimulator(飞行模拟器) referstoanyelectronicormechanicalsystemfortrainingairplaneandspacecraftpilotsandcrewmemberbysimulatingflightconditions. Thepurposeofsimulationisnottocompletelysubstitute(1)_____ actualflighttrainingbuttothoroughlyfamiliarizestudentswiththevehicle(2)_____ beforethey(3)_____ extensiveandpossiblydangerousactualflighttraining. Simulationsalsoisusefulforreviewandforfamiliarizingpilotswithnew(4)_____ toexistingcraft.
TwoearlyflightsimulatorsappearedinEnglandwithinadecadeafterthefirstflightofOrvilleandWilburWright. Theyweredesignedtoenablepilotstostimulatesimpleaircraft(5)_____ inthreedimensions: noseupordown; leftwinghighandrightlow, orviceversa; and(6)_____ toleftorright. Ittookuntil1929, however, foratrulyeffectivesimulator, theLinkTrainer, toappear, devisedbyEdwinA. Link, aself-educatedaviatorandinventorfromBinghamton, NewYork. (7)_____, airplaneinstrumentationhadbeendevelopedsufficientlytopermit"blind" flyingoninstrumentsalone, buttrainingpilotstodosoinvolved(8)_____ risk. Linkbuiltamodelofanairplanecockpitequipped(9)_____ instrumentpanelandcontrolsthatcouldrealisticallystimulateallthemovementsofanairplane. Pilotscouldusethedeviceforinstrumenttraining, manipulatingthecontrols(10)_____ instrumentreadingssoastomaintainstraightandlevelflightor(11)_____ climbordescentwithnovisualreference(12)_____ anyhorizonexceptfortheartificialoneontheinstrumentpanel. Thetrainerwasmodified(13)_____ aircrafttechnologyadvanced. CommercialairlinesbegantousetheLinkTrainerforpilottraining, andtheUSgovernmentbeganpurchasingthemin1934, (14)_____ thousandsmoreasWorldWarIIapproached.
Technologicaladvancesduringthewar, particularlyinelectronics, helpedtomaketheflightsimulatorincreasingly(15)_____. Theuseofefficientanalogcomputersintheearly1950sledtofurtherimprovements. Airplanecockpits, controls, andinstrumentdisplayshadbythenbecomesoindividualizedthatitwasnolongerfeasibletouseageneralizedtrainertopreparepilotstoflyanything(16)_____ thesimplestlightplanes. Bythe1950s, theUSAirForcewasusingsimulatorsthatprecisely(17)_____ thecockpitsofitsplanes. Duringtheearly1960s(18)_____ digitalandhybridcomputerswereadopted, andtheirspeedandflexibilityrevolutionizedsimulationsystems. Furtheradvancesincomputerand(19)_____ technology, notablythedevelopmentofvirtual-realitysimulation, havemadeitpossibleto(20)_____ highlycomplexreal-lifeconditions.
1.
A. forB. toC. withD. on
2.
A. concerningB. concernC. beingconcernedD. concerned
3.
A. undertakeB. undergoC. underplayD. underuse
4.
A. modelsB. modificationsC. modifiersD. modica
5.
A. manifestationsB. manipulationsC. manifestoesD. maneuvers
6.
A. yawlingB. yawningC. yawingD. yawping
7.
A. FromthenonB. FromnowonC. BynowD. Bythen
8.
A. considerableB. considerateC. considerinD. considered
9.
A. forB. inC. withD. on
10.
A. onthepartofB. onthebasisofC. onthetrackofD. onthevergeof
11.
A. controlB. controllableC. controlledD. controller
12.
A. toB. forC. onD. in
13.
A. asforB. astoC. asD. for
14.
A. acquiringB. requiringC. sustainingD. retaining
15.
A. actualB. realisticC. realizingD. true
16.
A. exceptB. exceptforC. apartfromD. but
17.
A. replenishedB. replacedC. replicatedD. reposed
18.
A. electronicB. electricC. electricityD. electron
19.
A. programB. programmableC. programmedD. programming
20.
A. resurrectB. reproduceC. resuscitateD. resume
答案:
1-5. ADBBD
6-10. CDACB
11-15. CACAB
16-20. DCADB
重点单词 |
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['haibrid] |
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[,instrumen'teiʃən, ,instrə-] |
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['pə:mit,pə'mit] |
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['dekeid] |
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[.ɑ:ti'fiʃəl] |
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['pailət] |
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[i'fektiv] |
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[.fleksə'biliti] |
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[riə'listik] |
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['fi:zəbl] |
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