Personalityistoalargeextentinherent — A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring. Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect, sinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparents, itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.
OneplacewherechildrensoakupAcharacteristicsisschool, whichis, byitsverynature, ahighlycompetitiveinstitution. Toomanyschoolsadoptthe "winatallcosts" moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements. Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersystem, inwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows. Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences: rememberthatPheidippides, thefirstmarathonrunner, droppeddeadsecondsaftersaying: "Rejoice, weconquer!"
Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations. Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell. Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionable, butcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.
Obviously, itisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB's. Theworldneedstypes, andschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild'spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment. Itistopmanagement.
Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessened, moretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues. Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessions, especiallymedicine, couldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy. ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromA- typestock. B'sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.
63. Accordingtothepassage, A-typeindividualsareusually ________.
[A] impatient
[B] considerate
[C] aggressive
[D] agreeable
64. Theauthorisstronglyopposedtothepracticeofexaminationsatschoolsbecause ________.
[A] thepressureistoogreatonthestudents
[B] somestudentsareboundtofail
[C] failureratesaretoohigh
[D] theresultsofexaminationsaredoubtful
65. Theselectionofmedicalprofessionalsiscurrentlybasedon ________.
[A] candidates'sensitivity
[B] academicachievements
[C] competitivespirit
[D] surervalues
66. Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat ________.
[A] thepersonalityofachildiswellestablishedatbirth
[B] familyinfluencedominatestheshapingofone'scharacteristics
[C] thedevelopmentofone'spersonalityisduetomultiplefactors
[D] B-typecharacteristicscanfindnoplaceinacompetitivesociety
1995年硕士入学考试英语阅读真题附答案详解:TEXT4
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