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英语典型语法错误100例(4)
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英语典型语法错误100例(4

 

31.令我们感到高兴的是,他一天天地好了起来。

To our delight, he was getting better day after day.

To our delight, he was getting better day by day.

比较day by day day after day:两者均可表示一天天地,但含义和用法均有区别:day by day含有逐渐(gradually)转变的意思,在句中主要用作状语;day after day暗示时间之长久(for many many days),在句中可用作状语,也可用作主语或宾语。比较:Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.. 一天天过去了,还是一直没有消息。Things are getting worse day by day. 情况一天天变糟。

32.我们都指望他明天能来。

We all depend you to come tomorrow.

We all depend on you to come tomorrow.

We all depend on you coming tomorrow.

We all depend on your coming tomorrow.

depend不能跟不定式的复合结构作宾语,因为它是不及物动词,后接宾语时,必须用depend on [upon]。注:depend on 后可以跟不定式的复合结构,并且也可接动名词的复合结构。另外,此句也可用从句改写:We all depend on it that he will come tomorrow.

33. 这本词典是供外国学生用的。

The dictionary is designing for foreign students.

The dictionary is designed for foreign students.

design用作动词除表示设计外,还可表示计划”“打算等,如:His father designed him for a lawyer. 他父亲打算要他当律师。但是,此用法通常用于被动形式,即用于be designed for sb (sth), be designed to do sth, be designed as sth 等。如:The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together. 这次周末聚会的用意是要使两位老人见面。The room was designed as the children’s playroom. 这个房间计划用作儿童游戏室。

34.我不同意我们那么早就出发。

I disagree that we should start so early.

I don’t agree that we should start so early.

“agree+that从句不一样,disagree(不同意)后不接that 从句。顺便说一句,要表示同意做某事,可说agree to do sth,但要表示不同意做某事,不能说disagree to do sth,可根据情况改为not agree to do sthrefuse to do sth等。

35. 我们对现金付款给予九折优惠。

We give (a) 90% discount for cash.

We give (a) 10% discount for cash.

discount(折扣)的实际意思是从某物的价格中扣去的数目,而不是扣除某个数目后剩下的数目,即discount amount of money taken off the cost of sth

36.许多年轻人梦想出国。

A great many young people dream to go abroad.

A great many young people dream of going abroad.

动词dream(梦见,梦想)后不能接不定式,若语义上需要这类结构,通常用of doing sth。注意此用法的否定式:Little did I dream of succeeding so well. 我做梦也没想到会这样成功。

37.这个女人不很聪明,很容易受骗。

The woman is not very clever and easy to be cheated.

The woman is not very clever and easy to cheat.

“be easy (difficult) +不定式这类结构中,句子主语通常应是it(如说:It is easy to cheat the woman.),通常不能是指人或物的名词。但有时也可以用指人或指物的名词作主语,注意此时该主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,且此时该不定式要用主动式表示被动意义(不直接用被动式)。又如:The question is easy to answer. 这个问题很容易回答。(不能用to be answered

38.这条消息对她没有一点影响。

误:The news did not effect her at all.

正:The news did not affect her at all.

正:The news had no effect on her at all.

析:effect affect 均可表示影响,但前者是名词,后者是动词。两者的关系大致为affecthave an effect on,如:To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。注:effect 也可用作动词,但不表示影响,而是表示引起”“产生实现”“达到等。

39.我泼了些鸡蛋在衣服上。

误:I spilled some eggs on the dress.

正:I spilled some egg on the dress.

析:有的学生认为,egg(鸡蛋)只用作可数名词,其实那是误解。egg 通常是可数的,其意是指一个个可以数的egg,但是当它敲碎后,我们见到蛋壳内的鸡蛋,便是一种物质了,也就不可数了。顺便补充一点:作为食物的egg,可能是可数的也可能是不可数的,其区别依然是看它是否能实实在在地被

40.我拿了别人的雨伞。

误:I’ve taken somebody’s else umbrella.

正:I’ve taken somebody else’s umbrella.

析:若语义上需要所有格,该所有格通常加在else 上。

 

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