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Alanguageisasignalingsystemwhichoperateswithsymbolicvocalsounds (语声), andwhichisusedbyagroupofpeopleforthepurposeofcommunication. Letslookatthis 61 inmoredetailbecauseitislanguage, morethananythingelse, 62 distinguishesmanfromtherestofthe 63 world.
Otheranimals, itistrue, communicatewithoneanotherby 64 ofcries: forexample, manybirdsutter 65 callsattheapproachofdanger; monkeysutter 66 cries, suchasexpressionsofanger, fearandpleasure. 67 thesevariousmeansofcommunicationdifferinimportantways 68 humanlanguage. Forinstance, animalscriesdonot 69 thoughtsandfeelingsclearly. Thismeans, basically, thattheylackstructure. Theylackthekindofstructurethat 70 ustodivideahumanutteranceinto 71.
Wecanchangeanutteranceby 72 onewordinitwith 73: agoodillustrationofthisisasoldierwhocansay, e.g., tanksapproachingfromthenorth, 74 whocanchangeonewordandsayaircraftapproachingfromthenorthortanksapproachingfromthewestbutabirdhasasinglealarmcry, 75 meansdanger!
Thisiswhythenumberof 76 thatananimalcanmakeisverylimited: thegreattit (山雀) isacase 77 point; ithasabouttwentydifferentcalls, 78 inhumanlanguagethenumberofpossibleutterancesis 79. Italsoexplainswhyanimalcriesarevery 80 inmeaning.
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