PassageTwo
Questions 51 to 55 arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable. Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving, arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective, primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.
Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive （认知的）behavioraltherapy (CBT) andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.
TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression, helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors. However, onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity, withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.
AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized （随机的）controltrialwith 691 depressedpatientsfrom 83 physicianpracticesacrossEngland. Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups: onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcareIfromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms. Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage, sex, educationalbackground'severityanddurationofdepression, anduseofantidepressants （抗抑郁药）.
Afterfourmonths, thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.
"It'sanimportant, cautionarynotethatweshouldn'tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists," saysChristopherDowrick, aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool. "Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction, particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed. "
Beingdepressedcanmeanfeeling "lostinyourownsmall'negative, darkworld," Dowricksays. Havingaperson, insteadofacomputer, reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation. "Whenyou'reemotionallyvulnerable, you'reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing," hesays.
51. WhatdoestherecentstudysayaboutonlineCBTprograms?
A) Patientsmaynotbeabletocarrythemthroughforeffectivecure.
B) Patientscannotengagewiththemwithouttheuseofacomputer.
C) Theycansavepatientstroublevisitingphysicians.
D) Theyhavebeenwellreceivedbyalotofpatients.
52. WhathasmadeonlineCBTprogramsincreasinglypopular?
A) Theireffectivenessincombatingdepression.
B) Thelowefficiencyoftraditionaltalktherapy.
C) Theireasyandinexpensiveaccessbypatients.
D) Therecommendationbyprimarycaredoctors.
53. WhatisthemajorfindingbyresearchersattheUniversityofYork?
A) OnlineCBTprogramsarenomoreeffectivethanregularcarefromphysicians.
B) Theprocessoftreatingdepressionisoftenmorecomplicatedthananticipated.
C) ThecombinationoftraditionalCBTandcomputerizedCBTismosteffective.
D) Depressionisamentalconditionwhichistobetreatedwithextremecaution.
54. WhatisProfessorDowrick'sadviceconcerningonlineCBTprograms?
A) Theyshouldnotbeneglectedinprimarycare.
B) Theireffectivenessshouldnotbeoverestimated.
C) Theyshouldbeusedbystrictlyfollowinginstructions.
D) Theiruseshouldbeencouragedbydoctorsandtherapists.
55. Whatismoreimportanttoanemotionallyvulnerableperson?
A) Apositivestateofmind.
B) Appropriatemedication.
C) Timelyencouragement.
D) Humaninteraction.