九、倒装(Inversion)
倒装是语言中的一种强调手段,通常将正常语序中较晚出现的成分移至句首。倒装主要分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装
全部倒装又称主谓倒装,把整个谓语置于主语之前。这类倒装主要出现在如下句型中:
1. 句首为there, here, now, then, thus, out, in, up, away等副词,且主语是名词时。例如:
Herecomesthebus.
Awaywentthecar.
There, inthedistance, standsabigtree.
Firstcamethepresidentandthenhiswife.
Equallyinexplicable(难以理解的)washisbehaviortowardshisson.
需要注意,上述句型中,如果主语为代词,主语和动词部分不倒装。如:
Awaytheywent.
Therehecomes.
2. 句首为表示地点的介词词组时
这样的介词短语有:through…, before…, after…, infrontof…, atthetopof…, by…等。例如:
Byhissidesatadog.
Belowthemountainranalittlestream.
部分倒装
部分倒装常出现在以下几种情况中:
1. 句首为否定副词或带有否定意义的词组时
常见词(组)有:never, nowhere, nosooner(…than), notuntil, infrequently, little, rarely, seldom, hardly, neither, nor, notonly, innoway, bynomeans, in/ undernocircumstances等。
Neitherdoweknowhowtheuniversebgan, orhowitwillend… if, indeed, itendsatall.
Neverwillanybodymovewithoutaforcestrongenoughtocovercometheresistance.
Neverhasmybrotherbeenabroadbefore.
HardlyhadIsatdownwhenIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.
Nosoonerhadhereturnedthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.
2. only置于句首,修饰状语(从句)时
Onlyinthiswaycanweaccomplishitontime.
Onlyastheairbubblesout(排出)doesthewaterfillthecontainer.
3. 句首为表示方式及频度的副词时
Oftendoeshewarnusnottotouchthepoisonouschemical.
WelldoIrememberthedaywhenithappened.
OftenhadIintendedtospeakofit.
4. 在以so(…that) 开头的句子中
Sogreatwasthedestructionthatthesouthtookdecadestorecover.
Soquicklydidtheworkmenfinishtheirworkthattheyweregivenmorepay.
5. as引导的让步状语从句中
Prominentasheisinhisfield, heremainseasy-going.
Wealthyasheis, Idon’tenvyhim.
6. 在省略了if的虚拟条件句中
WereIyou, Iwouldn’tfeelsorry.
Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful, hisshipwouldnothavebeensunk.
Shouldtheweatherbewet, themeetingwouldnotbeheld.
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