PartIIIReadingComprehension(40 minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection, thereisapassagewithtenblanks. Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage. Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices. Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter. PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2 withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Justbecausetheycan'tsingoperaorrideabicycledoesn'tmeanthatanimalsdon'thaveculture. There'snobetterexampleofthisthankillerwhales. Asoneofthemost__26__ predators（食肉动物）, killerwhalesmaynotfitthe__27__ ofaculturedcreature. However, thesebeastsoftheseadodisplayavastrangeofhighly__28__ behaviorsthatappeartobedrivingtheirgeneticdevelopment.

Theword"culture" comesfromtheLatin"colere," which__29__ means"tocultivate." Inotherwords, itreferstoanythingthatis__30__ orlearnt, ratherthaninstinctiveornatural. Amonghumanpopulations, culturenotonlyaffectsthewaywelive, butalsowritesitselfintoourgenes, affectingwhoweare. Forinstance, havingspentmanygenerationshuntingthefatmarinemammalsoftheArctic, theEskimosofGreenlandhavedevelopedcertaingenetic__31__ thathelpthemdigestandutilizethisfat- richdiet, therebyallowingthemto__32__ intheircoldclimate.

Likehumans, killerwhaleshavecolonizedarangeofdifferent__33__ acrosstheglobe, occupyingeveryoceanbasinontheplanetwithanempirethat__34__ frompoletopole. Assuch, differentpopulationsofkillerwhaleshavehadtolearndifferenthuntingtechniquesinordertogaintheupperhandovertheirlocalprey（猎物）. This, inturn, hasamajoreffectontheirdiet, leadingscientiststo__35__ thattheabilitytolearnpopulation-specifichuntingmethodscouldbedrivingtheanimals, geneticdevelopment.

A) acquired
B) adaptations
C) brutal
D) deliberately
E) expressed
F) extends
G) habitats
H) humble
I) image
J) literally
K) refined
L) revolves
M) speculate
N) structure
O) thrive

SectionB
Directions:Inthissection, youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit. EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived. Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce. Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter. AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Livingwithparentsedgesoutotherlivingarrangementsfor18- to34-year-olds

A)Broaddemographic(人口的）shiftsinmaritalstatus, educationalattainmentandemploymenthavetransformedthewayyoungadultsintheU. S. areliving, andanewPewResearchCenteranalysishighlightstheimplicationsofthesechangesforthemostbasicelementoftheirlives-- wheretheycallhome. In2014, forthefirsttimeinmorethan130 years, adultsages18 to34 wereslightlymorelikelytobelivingintheirparents'homethantheyweretobelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold.

B)ThisturnofeventsisfueledprimarilybythedramaticdropintheshareofyoungAmericanswhoarechoosingtosettledownromanticallybeforeage35. Datingbackto1880, themostcommonlivingarrangementamongyoungadultshasbeenlivingwitharomanticpartner, whetheraspouseorasignificantother. ThistypeofarrangementpeakedaroundI960, when62% ofthenation's18- to34-year-oldswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold, andonlyone-in-fivewerelivingwiththeirparents.

C)By2014, 31.6% ofyoungadultswerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhousehold, belowthesharelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s) (32.1%). Some14% ofyoungadultslivedalone, wereasingleparentorlivedwithoneormoreroommates. Theremaining22% livedinthehomeofanotherfamilymember(suchasagrandparent, in-laworsibling), anon-relative, oringroupquarterslikecollegedormitories.

D)It'sworthnotingthattheoverallshareofyoungadultslivingwiththeirparentswasnotatarecordhighin2014. Thisarrangementpeakedaround1940, whenabout35% ofthenation's18- to34-year- oldslivedwithmomand/ordad(comparedwith32% in2014). Whathaschanged, instead, istherelativeshareadoptingdifferentwaysoflivinginearlyadulthood, withthedeclineofromanticcouplingpushinglivingathometothetopofamuchlessuniformlistoflivingarrangements.

E)Amongyoungadults, livingarrangementsdiffersignificantlybygender. Formenaged18 to34, livingathomewithmomand/ordadhasbeenthedominantlivingarrangementsince2009. In2014, 28% ofyoungmenwerelivingwithaspouseorpartnerintheirownhome, while35% werelivinginthehomeoftheirparent(s). Youngwomen, however, arestillmorelikelytobelivingwithaspouseorromanticpartner(35%) thantheyaretobelivingwiththeirparent(s) (29%).

F)In2014, moreyoungwomen(16%) thanyoungmen(13%) wereheadingupahouseholdwithoutaspouseorpartner. Thisismainlybecausewomenaremorelikelythanmentobesingleparentslivingwiththeirchildren. Fortheirpart, youngmen(25%) aremorelikelythanyoungwomen(19%) tobelivinginthehomeofanotherfamilymember, anon-relativeorinsometypeofgroupquarters.

I).Economicfactorsseemtoexplainlessofwhyyoungadultwomenareincreasinglylikelytoliveathome. Generally, youngwomenhavehadgrowingsuccessinthepaidlabormarketsince1960 andhencemightincreasinglybeexpectedtobeabletoaffordtoliveindependentlyoftheirparents. Forwomen, delayedmarriage-whichisrelated, inpart, tolabormarketoutcomesformen-mayexplainmoreoftheincreaseintheirlivinginthefamilyhome.

J) TheGreatRecession(andmodestrecovery) hasalsobeenassociatedwithanincreaseinyoungadultslivingathome. Initiallyinthewakeoftherecession, collegeenrollmentsexpanded, boostingtheranksofyoungadultslivingathome. Andgiventheweakjobopportunitiesfacingyoungadults, livingathomewaspartoftheprivatesafetynethelpingyoungadultstoweathertheeconomicstorm.

K) Beyondgender, youngadults, livingarrangementsdifferconsiderablybyeducation—whichistiedtofinancialmeans. Foryoungadultswithoutabachelor'sdegree, asof2008 livingathomewiththeirparentswasmoreprevalentthanlivingwitharomanticpartner. By2014, 36% of18- to34-year-oldswhohadnotcompletedabachelor'sdegreewerelivingwiththeirparent(s) while27% werelivingwithaspouseorpartner. Amongcollegegraduates, in2014 46% weremarriedorlivingwithapartner, andonly19% werelivingwiththeirparents(s). Youngadultswithacollegedegreehavefaredmuchbetterinthelabormarketthantheirless-educatedcounterparts, whichhasinturnmadeiteasiertoestablishtheirownhouseholds.

36.Unemployedyoungmenaremorelikelytolivewiththeirparentsthantheemployed.
37.In2014, thepercentageofmenaged18 to34 livingwiththeirparentswasgreaterthanthatoftheirfemalecounterparts.
38.Thepercentageofyoungpeoplewhoaremarriedorlivewithapartnerhasgreatlydecreasedinthepastthreedecadesorso.
39.Aroundthemid-20thcentury, only20 percentof18- to34-year-oldslivedintheirparents'home.
40.Youngadultswithacollegedegreefounditeasiertoliveindependentlyoftheirparents.
41.Youngmenarelesslikelytoendupassingleparentsthanyoungwomen.
42.Moreyoungadultwomenlivewiththeirparentsthanbeforeduetodelayedmarriage.
43.Thepercentageofyoungmenwholivewiththeirparentshasgrownduetotheirdecreasedpayinrecentdecades.
44.Theriseinthenumberofcollegestudentsmademoreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents.
45.Onereasonforyoungadultstolivewiththeirparentsisthattheygetmarriedlateorstaysinglealltheirlives.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection, youwillhearapassagethreetimes. Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard. Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

PassageOne
Questions46 to50 arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans, womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen. Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom. AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership, mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation, withmanysayingthey'restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.

Sowhy, then, arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates? Accordingtothepublic, atleast, it'snotthattheylacktoughness, managementtalentorproperskillsets.

It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance. Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareersandcompetefortopexecutivejobs, relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles. Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen'sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen'tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.

Instead, toppingthelistofreasons, aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness, wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves. Similarsharessaytheelectorate（选民）andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.

Asaresult, thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture, eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace. While53% believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture, 44% sayit'sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen. Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics: 73% expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.

46.WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?
A) Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.
B) Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.
C) Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.
D) Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.
47.Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?
A) Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.
B) Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.
C) Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.
D) Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.
48.Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?
A) Personalitytraits.
B) Genderbias.
C) Familyresponsibilities.
D) Lackofvacancies.
49.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?
A) Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.
B) Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.
C) Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.
D) Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.
50.WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica'spoliticalstage?
A) Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.
B) Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.
C) Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.
D) Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.

PassageTwo
Questions51 to55 arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury, withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage, andIranianmengaining16.5cm. Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200 countriesbetween1914 and2014.

TheresultsrevealthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914, Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm. Latvianwomen, meanwhile, rosefrom28thplacein1914 tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater, withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

JamesBentham, aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege, London, saystheglobaltrendislikelytobedueprimarilytoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare. "Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight, butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations, geneticsplayselesskeyrole," headded.

Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages, saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege. "Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy," hesaid. "Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld, thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern, saysRiboli. WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury, thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears, withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s," saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex. Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment, hesays, ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.

Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications. "Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin," hesaid. "Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow, theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

51.Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelasthundredyears?
A) Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
B) Therehasbeenamarkedincreaseinmostcountries.
C) Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.
D) Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.
52.WhatdoesJamesBenthamsayaboutgeneticsintheincreaseofpeople'sheight?
A) Itcountslessthangenerallythought.
B) Itoutweighsnutritionandhealthcare.
C) Itimpactsmoreonanindividualthanonapopulation.
D) Itplaysamoresignificantroleinfemalesthaninmales.
53.WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
A) Theytendtolivelonger.
B) Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
C) Theygenerallyriskfewerfataldiseases.
D) Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
54.Whatdowelearnabout18-year-oldsinUgandaandNiger?
A) Theygrowupslowerthantheirpeersinothercountries.
B) Theyareactuallyshorterthantheirearliergenerations.
C) Theyfindithardtobringtheirpotentialintofullplay.
D) Theyhaveexperiencedmanychangesofgovernment.
55.WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
A) Watchcloselytheglobaltrendinchildren'sdevelopment.
B) Makesurethatourchildrengrowuptotheirfullheight.
C) Tryeverymeanspossibletoimproveourenvironment.
D) Ensureourchildrengrowupinanidealenvironment.