整容客户低龄化 元凶竟是自拍?

可可听力网 2019年06月20日 15:12:15
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      Plasticsurgeryclientsaretrendingyoungerglobally, anddoctorsandpsychologistsarepointingtotheriseofsocialmediaasplayingarole.

      全球整容手术的客户都呈年轻化趋势,医生和心理学家指出,这是受社交媒体兴起的影响。

      AccordingtoareportintheSouthChinaMorningPost, notonlyisthenumberofaestheticplasticsurgerycases—includingcosmeticprocedureslikerhinoplasty, facelifts, andlipaugmentations—ontheriseglobally, buttheaverageageofclientsisalsodropping. Ofthe 22 millionChinesewhounderwentcosmeticproceduresin 2018, clientsunderage 28 accountedfor 54% (nearly 12 million) ofpatients. Teenagers, meanwhile, accountedfor 8% oftotalprocedures. Comparatively, inwesternEuropeannations, theaverageagedroppedfrom 42 to 37 in 2018; intheUS, over 200,000 teensaged 13 to 19 hadaestheticplasticsurgeryin 2017, butonlymadeup 1% oftotalUSprocedures.

      据《南华早报》的一篇报道,不光是全球美容整形手术——包括隆鼻、拉皮、丰唇在内的整容手术——的数量在增加,客户的平均年龄也在下降。2018年接受整容手术的2200万中国人中,28岁以下的客户占54%(近1200万)。与此同时,青少年占到了总量的8%。相比而言,西欧国家2018年的平均整容年龄从42岁降到了37岁。在美国,超20万13岁至19岁的青少年在2017年做了美容整形手术,但只占到美国整容手术总量的1%。

      Doctors, surgeons, andpsychiatristsarepointingtoselfie-ledsocialmediacultureasdrivingtheriseofaestheticsurgeryamongyoungpeople. That'sadeparturefromwhatsurgeonssaymarkedplasticsurgerytrendsoftheearlyaughts, whenpeoplebroughtinpicturesofcelebritiesandmodelsandaskedforfeaturestobettermatchthem.

      内外科医生和精神病医生指出,以自拍为主导的社交媒体文化促使更多年轻人去做美容手术。这背离了医生所说的整容手术早期的标志性趋势,那时候人们都是拿着名人和模特的照片前来,要求把五官整成名人的样子。

      JulianDeSilva, aplasticsurgeonbasedinLondon'sHarleyStreet, confirmedtoSCMPthatsocialmedia "isheavilyinfluencingplasticsurgerytrendsandcosmetictreatments." Inthelastfiveyears, he'snoticedthat "patientsaretakingmorephotosofthemselvesthanever, andasaresulttheyarefarmoreself-consciousabouttheirappearance. Flawstheywouldpreviouslyhaveignoredhave, sincetheadventofsocialmedia, plaguedthem."

      伦敦哈利街的一名整容医生朱利安·德·席尔瓦向《南华早报》证实,社交媒体“对整容手术趋势和美容治疗产生了很大影响”。在过去五年间,朱利安注意到,“客户给自己拍的照片比过去都要多,结果就是他们对外表比以前敏感得多。自从社交媒体兴起后,原先会被忽视的缺陷开始困扰他们。”

      "Snapchatdysmorphia," aphenomenoncoinedina 2018 paperpublishedinaJAMAFacialPlasticSurgeryViewpointbyBostonUniversityresearchers, referstoatrendinwhichpeoplearebringingplasticsurgeonstheirownheavilydoctoredorfilteredselfies, andrequestingtolookmoreliketheirphotos. Thereportnotedthat 55% ofplasticsurgeonsciteseeingpatientswhowanttoimprovetheirappearanceinselfies, arequestthatcomesmoreoftenfromteens, whoaremorefrequentsocialmediausersthanolderadults.

      2018年波士顿大学研究人员发表在《美国医学会杂志整容观点》上的一篇论文创造了一个新词——“Snapchat畸形恐惧症”,指的是人们带着自己精修或美颜过的自拍照请医生把自己整得更像照片模样的一种趋势。报告指出,55%的整形外科医生声称曾见过想改善自己的自拍形象的客户,提出这种要求的更多的是青少年,他们使用社交媒体比成年人更频繁。

      AlthoughSnapchatdysmorphiaisnotanofficialmentaldisorderlistedintheDSM, thereporthighlighteditssimilaritiestobodydysmorphicdisorder (BDD), adisorderclassifiedontheobsessive-compulsivespectrumcharacterizedbypeoplegoingtogreat, oftenharmfullengths, tohideperceivedimperfectionsandaffectsroughly 2% ofAmericans.

      尽管“Snapchat畸形恐惧症”没有被列入精神障碍病症的官方名录,但报告强调了Snapchat畸形恐惧症和身体畸形恐惧症的相似性。身体畸形恐惧症是强迫症的一种,表现特征是人们采用极端的通常是有害的手段来隐藏自己认为不完美的地方,约有2%的美国人患有此病。

      Indeed, thenegativeeffectssocialmediacanhaveonmentalhealthandwellbeingarewelldocumented. A 2017 surveybyBritain'sRoyalSocietyforPublicHealth (RSPH), ahealtheducationcharity, rankedInstagramasthe #1 worstsocialmedianetworkforitsassociationswithanxietyanddepression, withSnapchatfollowingcloselybehind. FollowingtheRSPHsurvey, researchfromCarmenPapalucaofNotreDamerevealedaconnectionbetweenInstagramandmentalhealth, particularlyinyoung, femaleInstagramusers. Specifically, findingsfromthestudyreportedthatwomenintheirlateteensandearly 20sfoundthattheappnegativelyimpactedbodyimage.

      实际上,社交媒体对心理健康和幸福度造成的负面影响是有据可查的。2017年英国皇家公共卫生协会(一个健康教育慈善机构)开展的一项调查将Instagram列为影响最坏的头号社交媒体网站,因为该网站会引发焦虑和抑郁,Snapchat紧随其后。接着,圣母大学的卡门·帕帕卢卡开展的一项研究揭示出Instagram和心理健康之间的联系,尤其是针对Instagram年轻女性用户。具体而言,研究结果发现,20岁左右的女性发现Instagram对身体形象造成了负面影响。

      Andtheriseofselfieculturehascoincidedwithagreateraccesstocosmeticbeautyprocedures. IntheUS, wrinkle-reducerBotoxanddermalfillerJuvédermarebeingmarketedto 20-somethingsoveritscoreclientele, womenover 40. Meanwhile, awaveofInstagram-friendlyclinicslikeAlchemy 43, KateSomerville, andSkinLaundryhavepopularizedmedicalbeautytreatments, includingserviceslikeBotox, fillers, lipinjections, andlasertreatments, fortheunder-30 crowd.

      自拍文化的兴起恰逢整形美容手术的普及。在美国,商家向20多岁的人推销抗皱的肉毒杆菌素和皮下填充剂乔雅登,他们对这部分客户的重视程度超过了核心客户——40岁以上的女性。与此同时,一大波对Instagram友好的诊所(如Alchemy 43、凯特萨默维尔、SkinLaundry等)纷纷推广医疗美容,包括对30岁以下人群进行肉毒杆菌素注射、填充、丰唇、激光治疗等服务。

      TheSCMPnotesthata 2018 reportreleasedbyChinesecosmeticprocedureplatformGengmeifoundthatthenumberofcosmeticsurgeryclinicsopeninglastyearincreasedby 10% comparedwith 2017. AndaccordingtotheChineseonlinemagazineSixthTone, Gengmeianditscompetitor, thecosmetic-surgerysocialappSoYoung, sawtheircommunitiesskyrocket, withtheformernotingthat 36 millionusersand 20,000 certifiedsurgeonsjoinedtheappinthepastfewyears. SixthTonealsonotesthatChineseclientsarelikelyinfluencedbyneighboringSouthKorea, whereEuropeanandK-popbeautystandards—bigeyes, slimnoses, etc.—arepervasive, andaboutone-thirdofwomenunder 30 havehadplasticsurgery. Indeed, double-eyelidsurgery, aprocedurethatseekstoproducebigger, Western-lookingeyes, hasbecomeacommon 18thbirthdaypresent.

      《南华早报》指出,2018年中国整形平台更美APP发布的一份报告称,去年新开的整容诊所相比2017年增加了10%。另外,据中国“第六声”网站报道,更美APP与其竞争对手整形社交应用新氧APP发现,它们的社区人气暴涨,前者指出,过去几年有3600万名用户和2万名获得认证的医师加入了更美APP。“第六声”还指出,中国客户可能是受到邻国韩国的影响,在那里欧洲和韩流审美标准(比如大眼睛和窄鼻子)无处不在,30岁以下的韩国女性约有三分之一做过整容手术。打造西方人般的大眼睛的双眼皮手术已经成为普遍的18岁生日礼物。