北外2011英语同传专业硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案

可可听力网 2012年09月05日 14:40:23

      (考试时间3小时,满分150分,全部写在答题纸上,答在试题页上无效)

      一.将下列段落译为汉语(25分)

      Printbooksmaybeundersiegefromtheriseofe-books. buttheyhaveatenaciousholdonaparticulargroup: childrenandtoddlers. Theirparentsareinsistingthisnextgenerationofreadersspendtheirearlyyearswithold-fashionedbooks. Thisisthecaseevenwithparentswhothemselvesaredie-harddownloadersofbooksontoKindles, iPads, laptopsandphones. Theyfreelyacknowledgetheirdigitaldoublestandard, sayingtheywanttheirchildrentobesurroundedbyprintbooks. toexperienceturningphysicalpagesastheylearnaboutshapes, colorsandanimals. Parentsalsosaythey- likecuddlingupwiththeirchildandabook, andfearthatashinygadgetmightgetalltheattention. Also, iflittleJoeyisgoingtospitup, abookmaybeeasiertocleanthanatabletcomputer.
      Astheadultbookworldturnsdigitalatafasterratethanpublishersexpected, salesofe-booksfortitlesaimedatchildrenunder 8 havebarelybudged. TheyrepresentJessthan 5 percentoftotalannualsalesofchildren'sbooks, severalpublishersestimated, comparedwithmorethan 25 percentinsomecategoriesofadultbooks. Manyprintbooksarealsoboughtasgifts, sincethedelightsofanAmazongiftcardarelostonmost 6-year-olds.
      电子书的兴起也许正在威胁实体书,但后者依然保有一个特别的读者群,即少年儿童。家长仍然希望子女读着传统图书长大,即使热衷于用Kindle、iPad、笔记本电脑或手机下载电子书的家长也是如此。他们坦诚采用了双重标准,希望自己的孩子生活在实体书的包围下,让子女在学习各种形状、颜色和动物的同时有实实在在翻书阅读的体验。家长表示更喜欢抱着孩子一起看实体书,因为高科技设备可能会分散孩子的注意力,而且如果沾到小宝宝的口水,纸质书也比平板电脑好清理。
      成人阅读市场日益数字化,速度之快超过了出版商的预期。而面向8岁以下儿童电子读物的销售却没什么变化。据几家出版商估计,电子读物在儿童书籍年度总销量中的份额不到5%,而某些类别成人书籍的这一比例已超过25%。很多人买实体书也是为了送礼,毕竟6岁大的孩子大多并不喜欢亚马逊礼品卡。

      二.将下列短文译为汉语(50分)

      Likemostcreaturesonearth. humanscomeequippedwithacircadianclock, aroughly 24-hourinternaltimerthatkeepsoursleeppatternsinsyncwithourplanetAtleastuntilgenetics. ageandourpersonalhabitsgetintheway. Eventhoughtheaverageadultneedseighthoursofsleeppernight, thereare "short-sleepers," whoneedfarless. andmorningpeople, who, researchshows. oftencomefromfamiliesofothermorningpeople. Thenthere'stherestofus. whorelyonalarmclocks.
      Forthosewhofantasizeaboutgreetingthedawn. thereishope. Sleepexpertssaythatwithalittlediscipline (wellactually, alotofdiscipline), mostpeoplecanresettheircircadianclocks. Butit'snotassimpleasforcingyourselftogotobedearlier (youcan'tmakeawide-awakebrainsleep). Itrequiresinducingasortofjetlagwithoutleavingyourtimezone. Andstickingitoutuntilyourbodyclockresetsitself. Andthennotresettingitagain.
      Tostart, moveupyourwake-uptimeby 20 minutesaday. Ifyouregularlyriseat 8 a.m., butreallywanttogetmovingat 6 a.m., setthealarmfor 7:40 onMonday. Thenextday, setitfor 7:20 andsoon. Then, afteryouwakeup, don'tlingerinbed. Hityourselfwithlight. Intheory, you'llgraduallygetsleepyabout 20 minutesearliereachnight, andyoucanfacilitatethetransitionbyavoidingextralightexposurefromcomputersortelevisionsasyounearbedtime.Butrecalibratingyourinnerclockrequiresmorecommitmentthanmanypeoplecaretogive. Forsome. it'salmostimpossible. Veryearlyrisersandlongtimenightowlshaveahardtimeeverchanging. Night-shiftworkersalsostrugglebecausetheydon'tgettheenvironmentalandsocialcuesthathelpadjustthecircadianclock.
      和地球上大多数生物一样,人类也有生物钟。这个内置计时器大概以24小时为周期,负责调节我们的睡眠模式,使之与地球的节律同步。至少在不受遗传、年龄或个人生活习惯影响的情况下是这样的。普通成年人每晚需要8小时睡眠,但也有“短睡眠者”,他们只需要睡很短的时间。还有自然就会早起的人。研究显示,这样的人,其父母先人往往也能自然早起。除此之外,其他的人要早起就得靠闹钟了。
      想要早起迎接黎明,还是有希望的。睡眠专家指出,经过一点训练(嗯,实际上需要很多训练),大多数人能调整自己的生物钟。但这不止是强迫自己早点上床那么简单(大脑很兴奋的时候,也睡不着)。这种训练需要人为制造时差感,但不必为此穿越时区。坚持训练,直到体内的生物钟调整到位,然后保持新的节律。
      首先,每天把起床时间提前20分钟。如果一般在早上8点起床,而你希望提前到6点,星期一就把闹钟定在7点40,星期二定在7点20,依此类推。其次,每天醒来后,不要赖床,要让自己暴露在光线下。从理论上讲,每天晚上你会比前一天提前20分钟感到睡意。为了增强效果,临睡前应该避免电脑、电视等发出的亮光。但调整生物钟要下定决心,很多人觉得困难,有些人则根本做不到。起得很早的人和长期熬夜的人都很难改变作息规律。夜班工人改变起来也很吃力,因为他们接收不到调整生物钟所需的环境信号和社会信号。

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