白宫权力交接的特别传统:来自上一任总统的留言

可可听力网 2021年01月20日 21:00:00
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      Presidentialtraditionsareusuallyknownfortheirsolemnityandcarrytheweightoffuturehistoricalsignificance. Thisonebeganwithcartoonturkeysandareferencetolunch.

      在大众眼里,和总统有关的传统往往是庄严肃穆且对未来具有重大历史意义的。然而这个传统却是从火鸡漫画开始的,还提到了午饭。

      AshewaspreparingtoleavetheWhiteHouseinJanuary 1989, PresidentRonaldReaganwantedtoleaveanoteforhissuccessor, GeorgeH.W. Bush, andreachedforapademblazonedwithacartoonbyhumoristSandraBoyntonunderthephrase, "Don'tLettheTurkeysGetYouDown." Itfeaturedacollectionofturkeysscalingaproneelephant, thesymbolofbothmen'sRepublicanParty.

      1989年1月,罗纳德·里根总统准备离开白宫时,他想给继任者乔治·布什总统写一个留言,于是就随手拿起了一本装饰了幽默画家和作家桑德拉·博因顿漫画的便笺簿,漫画上方写着:“别叫蠢人坏了你的心情”。漫画上,一群火鸡正在给一头俯卧的大象称重。大象是里根和布什所在的共和党的象征。

      "DearGeorge, You'llhavemomentswhenyou'llwanttousethisparticularstationery. Well, gotoit," Reaganscrawled. Henotedtreasuring "thememoriesweshare" andsaidhe'dbeprayingforthenewpresidentbeforeconcluding, "I'llmissourThursdaylunches. Ron."

      里根用潦草的字迹写道:“亲爱的乔治,有一天你会想用这本便笺簿。那就用吧。”他在便条中提到他很珍视“两人共同的回忆”,并表示他会为新总统祈祷,结尾他写道:“我会想念我们周四的午餐。罗恩。”

      ThuswasbornthetraditionofdepartingpresidentsleavingahandwrittennoteintheOvalOfficefortheirsuccessors. Themissives'contentsstartoffasconfidential, butareofteneventuallymadepublicbyarchivists, referencesinpresidentialmemoirsorviasocialmediaafterjournalistsandothersfiledrequeststoobtainthem.

      从此这项传统就诞生了,即将离任的总统都会在总统办公室为继任者留下了一张手写的便条。便条的内容一开始是保密的,但是最后往往被档案保管员、记者或其他想知道的人在总统回忆录或社交媒体等渠道公开。

      The 32-yeartraditionisinperilthisyear. PresidentDonaldTrumphasrefusedtoaccepttheresultsofNovember'selectionandvowednottoattendJoeBiden'sinaugurationonWednesday. ThatmakesitdoubtfulTrumpwillleavebehindanyhandwritten, friendlyadviceforBiden.

      这项延续了32年的传统在今年可能会被打破。特朗普总统拒绝接受11月大选的结果,并声称不参加本周三(1月20日)拜登的就职典礼。这让人怀疑特朗普是否会给拜登留下任何包含友好建议的手写便条。

      Presidentsoftenwritereflectivelyattheendoftheirtimeinoffice, includingGeorgeWashington, whostatedthathewas "tiredofpubliclife" inrecordingwhyhewasn'tseekingathirdpresidentialterm. ButhistorianssayReagan'sislikelythefirstinstanceofapersonalletterbeingpassedbetweenpresidentsastheyleftandenteredoffice.

      在任期结束时,总统们通常会写一些反思的话,包括乔治·华盛顿在内。华盛顿曾写道,他“厌倦了公众人物的生活”,这就是为什么他不再参加第三次总统竞选。但是历史学家指出,里根的留言应该是第一封总统离职时写给下一任总统的私人信件。

      Thenotesarestrikingintheirsimplicitygivenjusthowbigthejobofthepresidencyis. Buttheyarealsonotableintheircamaraderieandcommonpurpose — especiallysincethehandoffofpowerisoftenanunhappyone: ReagantoBushwasthelasttimethecountryhadonepresidentfromthesamepartysucceedanother.

      考虑到总统的工作如此繁重,这些留言都非常简单。但是留言中也流露出志同道合的情谊,这一点很难得,因为权力的交接往往是不愉快的。里根和布什的权力交接是美国最后一次由同党派人士接任总统。

      DespitelosingtoBillClintoninthebitter 1992 election, BushfollowedReagan'slead, thistimeonmorestately, WhiteHousestationery. "IleaveanoteonthedeskforBillClinton. Itlooksalittlelonelysittingthere," Bushrecalledinhisbook "AlltheBest, GeorgeBush: MyLifeinLettersandOtherWritings."

      尽管布什在1992年的激烈大选中败给了克林顿,但布什还是效仿里根给克林顿留言,这一次用的是更庄严的白宫便笺簿。布什在他的书《老布什书信集》中回忆道:“我在桌上给比尔·克林顿留了一张便条。这张便条在那里待着,看起来有点孤单。”

      "WhenIwalkedintothisofficejustnowIfeltthesamesenseofwonderandrespectthatIfeltfouryearsago. Iknowyouwillfeelthat, too," Bushwroteinthenote, adding, "Iwishyougreathappinesshere. Ineverfeltthelonelinesssomepresidentshavedescribed."

      布什在便条中写道:“刚才我走进这间办公室时,我感受到了和四年前一样的惊奇和敬意。我知道你也会有这种感觉。”布什还写道:“我希望你在这里过得非常快乐。我从来没有感受过一些总统描述的那种孤独感。”

      Hecontinued, "I'mnotaverygoodonetogiveadvice; butjustdon'tletthecriticsdiscourageyouorpushyouoffcourse," beforeconcluding, "Yoursuccessnowisourcountry'ssuccess. Iamrootinghardforyou. Goodluck — George."

      他写道:“我不是很善于提建议,不过我想说的是,不要被批评者打击得丧失勇气或偏离方向。”结尾他写道:“从现在起,你的成功就是美国的成功。我是你的铁杆支持者。祝你好运。乔治。”

      Thosewordsweresotouchingthatthenewpresident'swife, Hillary, laterrecalledtheymadehercry.

      这些话太感人了,当时新任总统的夫人希拉里后来回忆称,她被感动哭了。

      Writingtothatpresident'sson, incomingPresidentGeorgeW. Bushin 2000, Clintonnotedthatthe "burdensyounowshoulderaregreatbutoftenexaggerated" andthatthe "sheerjoyofdoingwhatyoubelieveisrightisinexpressible."

      2000年克林顿在给布什总统的儿子小布什总统留言时,他写道“你现在肩负的担子是巨大的,但往往被夸大”,“做你认为正确的事所带来的纯粹的快乐是难以言表的”。

      InhisownlettertoPresidentBarackObamaeightyearslater, theyoungerBushadvisedthat "criticswillrage. Your'friends'willdisappointyou," but "nomatterwhatcomes, youwillbeinspiredbythecharacterandcompassionofthepeopleyounowlead."

      八年后,在小布什写给奥巴马总统的信中,他的建议是:“评论界会攻击你。你所谓的朋友会让你失望,”但是“不管发生了什么,你总会从你现在领导的人民的个性和同情心中得到启发。”

      Bush'stwindaughters, JennaandBarbara, were 27 atthetime. Theywroteasortofkids'guidetotheWhiteHouseforMaliaandSashaObama, then 10 and 7. Itincludedsuchadviceas "slidedownthebanisterofthesolarium" and "whenyourdadthrowsoutthefirstpitchfortheYankees, gotothegame."

      小布什的双胞胎女儿詹娜和芭芭拉那时候27岁。她们为当时分别是10岁和7岁的玛利亚和萨沙·奥巴马写了一个白宫儿童指南。其中包括诸如“从日光浴室的楼梯扶手滑下来”和“当你爸爸为洋基队开出第一球的时候,就和他一起去玩吧”这样的建议。

      InhislettertoTrumpin 2017, Obamawrote, "Thisisauniqueoffice, withoutaclearblueprintforsuccess, soIdon'tknowthatanyadvicefrommewillbeparticularlyhelpful."

      2017年,奥巴马在致特朗普的信中写道:“这是一间独特的办公室,没有通往成功的清晰蓝图,所以我不知道我的建议能否给你什么特别的帮助。”

      ButObamadidoffersomewordsthatnowappearpropheticgivenTrump'simpeachmentforincitingthedeadlymobviolenceattheUSCapitol. "Wearejusttemporaryoccupantsofthisoffice," hewrote. "Thatmakesusguardiansofthosedemocraticinstitutionsandtraditions — likeruleoflaw, separationofpowers, equalprotectionandcivilliberties — thatourforebearsfoughtandbledfor."

      但是鉴于特朗普由于美国国会的致命暴乱而遭到弹劾,奥巴马写的一些话现在看来似乎具有预示性。他写道:“我们只是这件办公室的过客。这让我们成为守卫者,守卫我们的祖先为之流血斗争的那些民主制度和传统,比如法治、分权、平等保护和公民自由。”

      "It'suptoustoleavethoseinstrumentsofourdemocracyatleastasstrongaswefoundthem," Obamacontinued.

      奥巴马写道:“在我们卸任时,至少要让这些民主制度和我们接任时一样强大。”

      MarkK. Updegrove, ahistorianandCEOoftheLyndonBainesJohnsonFoundation, saidevenifthenotetraditionstopswithTrump, itcouldeasilystartagainwhenBidenleavesoffice. Hehasalreadybeenvicepresidentandspent 36 yearsintheSenate, wheretraditionandbipartisancongenialityarestrong.

      林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊基金会的首席执行官、历史学家马克·K·阿普德格罗夫说,即使便条传统在特朗普这里中止了,在拜登离任时也会很容易被重拾起来。拜登曾担任过副总统,在参议院待了36年,而参议院的传统意识和两党凝聚力是很强的。

      "There'snodoubtinmymindthathewoulddoitgraciously," Updegrovesaid.

      阿普德格罗夫说:“他会优雅地延续这一传统,这点我毫不怀疑。”