清明的故事

可可听力网 2021年04月08日 06:39:00
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      QingMingorThanksgiving?

      清明节源于感恩情怀

      QingmingispopularlyassociatedwithJieZiduiintheSpringandAutumnPeriod, whosavedhisstarvinglord'slifebyservingmeatcutfromhisownleg. Thelord, knownasJinwengong, waslaterabletotakepoweranddecidedtorewardJiebuthedeclined. JinwengongtriedtoforceJieoutofaforestbyfirebutinsteadburnedhimtodeathandfeltdeepregret. HeorderedallhispeopletobantheuseoffireandeatcoldfoodthatdaytomarkJie'sdeath. ItistheoriginoftheColdFoodFestival, whichstartsoneor 2 daysbeforeQingMingandlatermergeswithQingming. QingmingFestivalthenbecameanimportantholidayfromanoriginallysimplefarmingday.

      春秋时期,介子堆曾割下自己腿上的肉让逃亡的晋国公子重耳充饥。重耳执政后要封赏他,但介子堆隐居山林拒绝封赏。无奈,晋文公重耳放火烧山想逼他出山,不料却烧死了恩人。自此,晋文公下令每年的这一天禁止生火,只吃冷食,这就是寒食节的来历。因寒食节恰好在清明前一两天,久而久之,寒食的习俗逐渐被移到清明中,清明便从单纯的农业节气变为重要节日"清明节"了。

      OrchidBasinFestival

      日本: 摆放火盆迎祖灵

      FallingonJuly 15thaccordingtothelunarcalendar, OrchidBasinFestivalisoneofthebigeventsinJapanallpeopleobserve. Japanusuallygivespeople 3 daysofftogobacktotheirhometownstopayrespecttotheirancestors. Itissaidthattheancestors'spiritswillreturnhome, andsoeachhouseholdputfirebasinsoutsideatthegateandhanglanternsforthespiritstofindtheirwayback.

      盂兰盆节是日本最盛大的节日之一,每年农历7月15日举行。日本全国放假3天,让城里人返乡祭祖。据说在这段时间,逝去的祖灵都会回到家中,为防止祖灵找不到家,人们会在家门口摆放欢迎的火盆,并在屋内挂上灯笼。

      Diwali-FestivalofLights

      印度: 点燃蜡烛纪念故人

      DiwaliorDeepavali, thefestivalof "rowsoflights", isoneofthemostimportantofallHindufestivals. Peopleplacecandlesonthestairs, hallwayandbalconyathomewhennightfallsthatdaytopayrespecttothedeceasedandprayforthefamily. Lightinglampsandcandlesduringthefestivalisalsoconsideredauspiciousbybringinglight, knowledgeandeternallifefromdarkness, ignoranceanddeath.

      灯节为印度每年最大的节日。节日当天,夜幕降临后,人们会在楼梯、走廊、阳台及屋里都放上点燃的蜡烛,为死者祈祷,并期盼亡灵保佑家人平安。点灯还被视为带来光明、知识、永恒,驱走黑暗、无知和死亡。

      AllSoul'sDay

      墨西哥: 化妆骷髅大游行

      AllSoul'sDay, alsocalledthe "DayoftheDead" usuallyoccursonNovember 2, whenfamiliesfondlyrememberthedeceasedbyprayingbeforeanaltar. It'salsoatimemarkedbyfestivities, includingparadesofskeletons. Inonenotabletradition, revelersleadamockfuneralprocessionwithalivepersoninsideacoffin.

      万灵节是墨西哥的传统节日之一,又称扫墓节,定在每年11月2日。人们在家里摆祭坛,供上祭品,悼念死去的亲人。气氛浓厚的节日传统还包括化妆骷髅的盛大游行,以及把活人放进棺材里的"假面葬礼"。

      Dayofthedead

      波兰: 点蜡烛给亡灵指路

      PolandandmostoftheCatholicworldhavecelebratedthefestivalonNov 1 formanycenturies. AlsoknownasAllSaintsDay, it'sanationalholidaywhenpeoplealloverPolandvisitthegravesoflovedonesandtoplacecandlesandflowersattombstones. Thecandles, whichcanburnforhours, areplacedtohelpthedepartedsoulsfindthewayhome.

      每年11月1日,波兰及绝大多数信奉天主教的国家都要举行亡人节,也称万灵节,以悼念逝人。这天是法定假日,人们都去扫墓,摆上鲜花并点上可燃烧几小时的蜡烛,给亡灵指引回家的路。

      MemorialDayinUS

      美国: 鸣枪悼念阵亡烈士

      MemorialDayisaUSnationalholidayobservedonthelastMondayofMay. Itcommemoratesthosewhodiedwhileinmilitaryservicetotheircountry. Soldiersinserviceandveteransgotocemeteriestopayrespecttotheirdeadpeersbyfiringgunsandblowingtrumpets. FirstenactedtohonorAmericansoldiersandcasualtiesinthecivilwar, thetwoWorldWarsandothermilitaryactions, itlaterevolvedasapopularcivilfestivalforeachfamilytocommemoratethepassingoftheirlovedones.

      美国的阵亡烈士日通常在每年5月的最后一个周一,是法定假日。每逢这个日子,美国现役军人和老战士便前往墓地,鸣枪并吹响军中熄灯号,让死难将士安息。此节日最初用来纪念在南北战争和两次世界大战中战死的兵士,后来逐渐发展为一般家庭祭奠逝去的亲人。

      1.earthburial - originatedintheStoneAgeandpopularworldwide

      土葬:产生于旧石器时代,流行于世界各地。

      2.cremation - themostwidelyused

      火葬:目前应用最广泛的下葬方式。

      3.waterburial - floatingandsoakingcorpseandscatteringashesinwaters, observedinOceania

      水葬:分为漂尸、投河和撒灰三种,多见于大洋洲一带。

      4.celestialburial - theTibetansbelievecorpseeatenbygoldeneaglescouldenterheaven

      天葬:尸体被鹫鹰啄食,藏族人民认为死者这样可顺利升天。

      5.holeburial - putthecoffininmountainholes

      洞葬:在位于山腰的洞口摆放棺柩。

      6.treeburial - buryashesunderatreeasagreenfuneral

      树葬:把骨灰埋于树下,最环保的殡葬方式。

      7.hangingcoffin - commoninancientChinabyhangingcoffinonmountains, thehigherthebetter

      悬棺葬:普遍用于中国古代,将木棺悬置于崖洞中。悬置越高,对死者越尊敬。

      8.sandburial - corpseburiedunderthesandcouldbewellpreserved

      沙葬:将死者装入麻袋,投入流沙,尸体脱水不会腐烂,可保存上千年。

      9.windburial - undertheexposureofair

      风葬:亦称"露天葬",将遗体裸露于树木或旷野中。

      10.mummy - themostlong-lastingmethodtopreserveacorpseintact

      木乃伊:即"人工干尸",尸体一般不会腐烂,可保存数千年。