初中英语语态知识点:使用被动语态“六注意”

查字典中考网 2015年08月17日

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      使用被动语态六注意

      一要注意被动语态的不同时态

      被动语态由be+过去分词,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:

      She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)

      The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)

      The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)

      They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)

      二要注意带情态动词的被动语态

      该结构的基本形式为情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:

      The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。

      They shouldnt have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。

      三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态

      1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由to be+过去分词构成。如:

      She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。

      He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。

      2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由to have been+过去分词构成。如:

      I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。

      3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由being+过去分词构成。如:

      I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。

      Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护,他感到很安全。

      4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由having been+过去分词构成。如:

      Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。

      The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。

      5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由being+过去分词构成。如:

      She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。

      He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。

      This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。

      6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由having been+过去分词构成。如:

      Jennys not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。

      After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。

      注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:

      The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。

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