单片机用PID算法控制直流电机转速源代码+仿真成功版

ID:207635发表于 2017-6-4 12:35|显示全部楼层

使用51单片机用PID算法来控制直流电机的转速.带有3个按钮切换电机转动方向，调节p，调节转速.测试已经成功

仿真原理图如下（proteus仿真工程文件可到本帖附件中下载）：

单片机源程序如下:

#include<reg52.h>
#include"lcd1602.h"
sfr T2MOD = 0x0c9;
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
sbit Q0 = P2^4;
sbit Q1 = P2^5;
sbit Q2 = P2^6;
sbit Q3 = P2^7;
sbit PWM = P1^7;
sbit UP = P1^0;
sbit DOWM = P1^1;
sbit GORB = P2^3; //换相
sbit ADDSPEED = P1^2;
sbit SUBSPEED = P1^3;
uint tuint = 65535;
uint tpwm = 1; //pwm周期为10000us tpwm变量表示pwm高电平时间，也相当于占空比 (仿真时，频率高时，电机反应慢。在实物上要加大频率)
uchar t1_flag = 0;
uint pulse = 0;
uint t0_flag = 0;
uchar t2_flag = 0;
bit t2_over = 0;
bit Just_Get = 1;
#define ZZ { Q0 = 0;Q1 = 0;Q2 = 1;Q3 = 1;} //正转
#define FZ { Q0 = 1;Q1 = 1;Q2 = 0;Q3 = 0;} //反转
#define STOP { Q0 = 1;Q1 = 0;Q2 = 1;Q3 = 0;} //停止
//禁止出现 Q0 = 0;Q1 = 1;Q2 = 0;Q3 = 1; 不然会烧掉mos管
//************************ PID *************************************
float now = 0,bef = 0,bbef = 0; //本次采样值，上次采样值，上上次采样值
float err_now,err_bef,err_bbef; //当前偏差，上次偏差，上上次偏差
float error_add = 0; //所有偏差之和
float set = 25; //设定值
float kp = 25;
float ki = 25;
float kd = 0;
//*****************************************************************
void delayms(uint ms)//延时？个 ms
{
uchar a,b,c;
while(ms--)
{
for(c=1;c>0;c--)
for(b=142;b>0;b--)
for(a=2;a>0;a--);
}
}
void timer_init()
{
EA = 1;
ET0 = 1;
ET1 = 1;
ET2 = 1;
TMOD = 0x15; //定时器0 计数模式定时器1模式1
T2MOD = 0x01;
TH0 = TL0 = 255;
TH2 = 0x3C;
TL2 = 0xB0; //50MS
}
void timer1() interrupt 3
{
if(t1_flag == 0)
{
t1_flag = 1;
PWM = 1;
TH1 = (tuint - tpwm + 1)/256;
TL1 = (tuint - tpwm + 1)%256;
}
else
{
t1_flag = 0;
PWM = 0;
TH1 = (tuint - 10000 + tpwm + 1)/256;
TL1 = (tuint - 10000 + tpwm + 1)%256;
}
}
void timer0() interrupt 1
{
TH0 = TL0 = 255;
t0_flag++;
}
void timer2() interrupt 5
{
TF2 = 0;
TH2 = 0x3C;
TL2 = 0xB0; //50MS
t2_flag++;
if(t2_flag == 2)
{
TR0 = 0;
TR2 = 0;
t2_flag = 0;
t2_over = 1; //表示100ms时间到
}
}
void GetPulse()
{
t0_flag = 0;
t2_flag = 0;
TH0 = TL0 = 255;
TH2 = 0x3C;
TL2 = 0xB0; //50MS
TR0 = 1;
TR2 = 1;
}
int PID() //增量式PID
{
int change;
err_now = set - now;
err_bef = set - bef;
err_bbef = set - bbef;
change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
/*
if(set >= now)
{
if(set - now > 1)
change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
else
change = 0.2*kp*(err_now - err_bef) + 0.5*ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
}
else if(now > set)
{
if(now - set > 1)
change = kp*(err_now - err_bef) + ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
else
change = 0.2*kp*(err_now - err_bef) + 0.5*ki*err_now + kd*(err_now - 2*err_bef + err_bbef);
}
*/
//change = (kp + ki + kd)*(set - now) + (-kp - 2*kd)*(set - bef) + kd*(set - bbef);
//change = kp*(set - now) + ki*(set - bef) + kd*(set - bbef);
if(change > 0)
{
printchar(1,10,'+');
printuint(1,11,4,change);
}
else if(change< 0)
{
printchar(1,10,'-');
printuint(1,11,4,-change);
}
else if(change == 0)
{
printchar(1,10,' ');
printword(1,11," 0 ");
}
return(change);
}
int PID2() //位置式PID
{
int num = 0;
static num_bef = 0;
err_now = set - now;
err_bef = set - bef;
error_add = error_add + err_now; //误差累加。一旦误差为0则error_add的值不变，PID输出值不变
num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
/*
if(set - now >= 0)
{
if(set - now > 1)
num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
else
num = 0.1*kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
}
else
{
if(now - set > 1)
num = kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
else
num = 0.1*kp*err_now + ki*error_add + kd*(err_now - err_bef);
}
*/
if(num > num_bef)
{
printchar(1,10,'+');
printuint(1,11,4,num - num_bef);
}
else if(num< num_bef)
{
printchar(1,10,'-');
printuint(1,11,4,num_bef - num);
}
else
{
printchar(1,10,' ');
printuint(1,11,4,0);
}
num_bef = num;
return((uint)num);
}
void main()
{
lcd_init();
timer_init();
TH1 = TL1 = 255;
printword(0,0,"P:"); //比例系数
printword(0,5,"S:"); //设定值
printword(1,0,"TPWM:"); //当前占空比
printword(0,10,"PS:"); //当前电机反馈的每秒脉冲数
while(1)
{
if(GORB == 1)
{ ZZ; }
else
{ FZ; }
if(ADDSPEED == 0)
set++;
if(SUBSPEED == 0)
set--;
if(Just_Get == 1)
{
Just_Get = 0;
GetPulse();
}
else if(t2_over == 1)
{
t2_over = 0;
Just_Get = 1;
pulse = t0_flag;
bbef = bef;
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…………限于本文篇幅余下代码请从51黑下载附件…………