精美英文欣赏:Attaining Moral Perfection获取完美品德

可可听力网 2016年06月13日 13:56:00

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  •       英中对照
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  •       第 1 页:中英文本
  •       第 2 页:重点讲解

      Part 6 AttainingMoralPerfection

      第六部分 获取完美品德

      InthevariousenumerationsofthemoralvirtuesIhadmetwithinmyreading, Ifoundthecataloguemoreorlessnumerous,asdifferentwritersincludedmoreorfewerideasunderthesamename. Iproposedtomyself, forthesakeofclearness, touserathermorenames,withfewerideasannexedtoeach, thanafewnameswithmoreideas; andIincludedunderthirteennamesofvirtuesallthatatthattimeoccurredtomeasnecessaryordesirable, andannexedtoeachashortprecept, whichfullyexpressedtheextentIgavetoitsmeaning.

      在阅读的过程中,我发现在列举道德品质时,分类繁多,不同的作者对同一个类别的解释多少有些出入,释义有深有浅。为了明确起见,我主张自己多设定几个名称类别,每个名称包含更加简明的含义,而不要分类少而释义多。我提出了十三种品德,这是当时我认为要么必需要么合意的全部品德的名称,每个名称底下我附了一些简单的戒律,充分说明我认为该词应有的含义。

      Thesenamesofvirtues, withtheirprecepts, were:

      这些品德的名称和相应的戒律如下:

      1.TEMPERANCE. Eatnottodullness; drinknottoelevation.

      一、节制。食不过饱;酒不过量。

      2.SILENCE. Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself; avoidtriflingconversation.

      二、沉默寡言。言必于人于己有益;避免无益的谈话。

      3.ORDER. Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces; leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.

      三、生活有秩序。每一样东西应有安放的位置;每件事务当安排好相应的时间。

      4.RESOLUTION. Resolvetoperformwhatyouought; performwithoutfailwhatyouresolve.

      四、决心。当做必做;一旦决定,不可半途而废。

      5.FRUGALITY. Makenoexpensebuttodogoodtoothersoryourself; i.e., wastenothing.

      五、俭朴。花钱必须于人或于己有益;比如,不要浪费一分一厘。

      6.INDUSTRY. Losenotime; bealwaysemployedinsomethinguseful; cutoffallunnecessaryactions.

      六、勤勉。不浪费时间;每时每刻做有用的事,终止一切不必要的行动。

      7.SINCERITY. Usenohurtfuldeceit; thinkinnocentlyandjustly, and, ifyouspeak, speakaccordingly.

      七、诚恳。不恶意骗人;思想要纯洁公正,说话也要如此。

      8.JUSTICE. Wrongnonebydoinginjuries, oromittingthebenefitsthatareyourduty.

      八、公正。不做损人之事,不要忘记履行对人有益而且是你应尽的义务。

      9.MODERATION. Avoidextremes; forbearresentinginjuriessomuchasyouthinktheydeserve.

      九、中庸适度。避免极端;如果对你造成的伤害是应该的,当克制怒火。

      10.CLEANLINESS. Toleratenouncleanlinessinbody, clothes, orhabitation.

      十、清洁。身体、衣服和住所力求清洁。

      11.TRANQUILLITY. Benotdisturbedattrifles, orataccidentscommonorunavoidable.

      十一、镇静。勿因小事或不可避免的事故而惊慌失措。

      12.CHASTITY. Rarelyusevenerybutforhealthoroffspring, nevertodullness, weakness, ortheinjuryofyourownoranother'speaceorreputation.

      十二、贞节。除了为了健康或生育后代起见,节制房事,以免伤害身体或损害你自己或他人的安宁或名誉。

      13.HUMILITY. ImitateJesusandSocrates.

      十三、谦虚。仿效耶稣和苏格拉底。

      Myintentionbeingtoacquirethehabitudeofallthesevirtues, Ijudgeditwouldbewellnottodistractmyattentionbyattemptingthewholeatonce, buttofixitononeofthematatime; and, whenIshouldbemasterofthat, thentoproceedtoanother, andsoon, tillIshouldhavegonethroughthethirteen; and, asthepreviousacquisitionofsomemightfacilitatetheacquisitionofcertainothers, Iarrangedthemwiththatview, astheystandabove. Temperancefirst,asittendstoprocurethatcoolnessandclearnessofhead, whichissonecessarywhereconstantvigilancewastobekeptup, andguardmaintainedagainsttheunremittingattractionofancienthabits,andtheforceofperpetualtemptations. Thisbeingacquiredandestablished, Silencewouldbemoreeasy; andmydesirebeingtogainknowledgeatthesametimethatIimprovedinvirtue, andconsideringthatinconversationitwasobtainedratherbytheuseoftheearsthanofthetongue, andthereforewishingtobreakahabitIwasgettingintoofprattling, punning,andjoking,whichonlymademeacceptabletotriflingcompany, IgaveSilencethesecondplace. Thisandthenext, Order, Iexpectedwouldallowmemoretimeforattendingtomyprojectandmystudies. Resolution, oncebecomehabitual, wouldkeepmefirminmyendeavorstoobtainallthesubsequentvirtues; FrugalityandIndustryfreeingmefrommyremainingdebt, andproducingaffluenceandindependence, wouldmakemoreeasythepracticeofSincerityandJustice, etc., etc. Conceivingthen, that, agreeablytotheadviceofPythagorasinhisGoldenVerses, dailyexaminationwouldbenecessary.

      既然我的目的是将这些美德变成一种习惯,我认为最好不要同时尝试所有项目,以致分散注意力,最好是一段时间内集中精力执行其中的一项。当我掌握了一个美德后,接着继续实践下一个,如此类推,直到我做到十三项为止。因为先获得的某些美德可能有利于其他美德的养成,依据这个想法,我就按照上面的次序把它们进行了排列。我把节制放在第一,因为它有助于使人头脑冷静,思维清晰,为了经常保持警惕,抵抗旧习惯不断地吸引以及无穷无尽的诱惑的侵扰,这种冷静的头脑和清晰的思维是非常必要的。在获得和养成了这一美德以后,沉默寡言就容易多了。在提高我品德的同时我还想增进知识,我认为在谈话中用耳朵比用嘴更能增长知识,因此我想打破当时我正在形成的喋喋不休、爱说俏皮话、爱戏谑的习惯,这种习惯只会让我结交到一些轻浮的朋友,因此我把沉默寡言放在第二位。我想沉默寡言和下一条生活有秩序的美德会使我有更多时间致力于我的计划和学习。意志坚决一旦成为习惯,将会使我更坚决地努力获得其余的美德。俭朴和勤勉能使我还清剩下的债款,带给我财富和独立,会使诚恳和公正两项美德的实践更加容易,如此等等。接着,按照毕达哥拉斯在《金诗篇》里提出的建议,我认为每日必须进行自我检查。

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