1)混： 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：张冠李戴。 如下例：
文章：...unlikelargebusinesses， theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants， staff， equipment， andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem. If， thereafter， theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced， suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses
题目：Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto
experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm
facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses
havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment
increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors
reviseitsprocedureformakingbidsforfederalcontractsandsubcontracts
2)偏： 意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。包括以偏概全 以及以全概偏。请看下文：
PauleMarshallsBrownGirl， BrownstoneswasalandmarkinthedepictionoffemalecharactersinBlackAmericanliterature. MarshallavoidedtheoppressedandtragicheroineinconflictwithWhitesocietythathadbeentypicaloftheprotestnovelsoftheearlytwentiethcentury. Likeherimmediatepredecessors， ZoraNealeHurstonandGwendolynBrooks， shefocusedhernovelonanordinaryBlackwomanssearchforidentitywithinthecontextofaBlackcommunity. ButMarshallextendedtheanalysisofBlackfemalecharactersbegunbyHurstonandBrooksbydepictingherheroinesdevelopmentintermsoftherelationshipbetweenherBarbadianAmericanparents， andbyexploringhowmaleandfemalerolesweredefinedbytheirimmigrantculture， whichinturnwasinfluencedbythematerialismofWhiteAmerica. Byplacingcharacterswithinawiderculturalcontext， Marshallattackedracialandsexualstereotypesandpavedthewayforexplorationsofrace， class， andgenderinthenovelsofthe 1970s.